1. What is a restriction enzyme? Do they cut DNA molecule randomly? What is the

Question

1. What is a restriction enzyme? Do they cut DNA molecule randomly? What is the advantage of using the same restriction enzyme to cut the gene of interest and the vector?

2. What organisms are routinely used to incorporate the ligated recombinant DNAs? What is called for the process of these cells taking up the recombinant plasmids?

3. What advantages does it have to collect mRNA information from eukaryotic cells for gene cloning? What enzyme is needed to convert mRNAs to cDNAs?

4. What molecules are needed to pick up the right clones containing the DNA segment of interest from DNA library? How do you label these probes?

5. What are genetically modified organisms (GMO)? What are transgenic organisms?

6. What cells are used to express foreign origin proteins? What are their respective advantages?

7. What could be the applications of GMO crops and animals? What attitudes do biology scientists have towards GMOs?

8. What is PCR? What enzymes are critical for PCR? What are the three steps in a PCR cycle? How fast can PCR amplify DNA segments?

9. What technique is used for DNA molecules separation? What is the basis for such separation? Which electrode do DNAs move to and why?

10. What is genomics? What was Human Genome Project about (HGP)? What were the main findings of HGP?   

11. What is bioinformatics and proteomics? How can bioinformatics help evolution-related studies?

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