In addition to direct inhibition of platelet function via the cross-reactive ant

Question

In addition to direct inhibition of platelet function via the cross-reactive antibodies, individuals with severe forms of DENV-associated disease have also exhibited differential cytokine responses to DENV infection. Flores-Mendoza et al. (2017) characterized these differential cytokine profiles and reported results in the following graphs (A, B, E, F). ?Which cytokine(s) is/are associated with more severe disease and speculate as to why observed differences in the abundance of this/these cytokine(s) might contribute to more severe clinical disease?  

DF: Dengue fever (less severe), DHF: Dengue hemorrhagic fever (more severe disease)

150 Healthy Dengue DF Healthy Dengue DF Healthy Dengue DF Healthy Dengue DF DHF 100 Healthy Dengue DF DHF Healthy Dengue DF FIGURE 1: Cytokine concentrations in patients with dengue. Cytokines were determined by cytometric bead array in the blood plasma of the healthy subjects, in all patients with dengue, in DF, and DHF. Results show the values of all subjects belonging to each group, error bars represent mean tS.D. Significant differences P

Explanation / Answer

Answer)

Fig a) Demonstrates that when IL-2 was exposed to healthy, Dengue, DF and DHF, it equally affected to all when IL-2 protein is exposed.

Fig b) Demonstrates that when IL-10 was vaccinated to the healthy person, its no effect, but it shows less infection in DF and Dengue patient in comparison to DHF.

Fig c) Demonstrates that when IL-6 was vaccinated to a healthy person it shows less infection, but it shows more infection in DHF patients.

Fig d) Demonstrates that when TNF-alpha is vaccinated, it equally affects all the person.

Fig e) Demonstrates that when TNF- gamma was vaccinated, it does infect all person but for short duration.

Fig f) Demonstrates that when IL-4 is vaccinated, it does infect to all person at high concentration at a constant rate.

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