releasing_ anaerobe n an aquatic ecosystem after an d. The rate of nitrification
ID: 258498 • Letter: R
Question
releasing_ anaerobe n an aquatic ecosystem after an d. The rate of nitrification increases i eutrophication. re 3. Compare (what is similar) and contrast (what is different) the process of Nitrification with Denitrification sngal of the following terms correctly: acrobic, anacrobic, reduced, oxidized, respiration, Nz,NH", and 4a. Define the term BOD, including the form of metabolism that is being measured. 4b. You perform an experiment in a pristine aquatic ecosystem by measuring the effect on BOD before and after introducing Fe. State the hypothesis you are testing, and given that you see an increase in the BOD, state your conclusion. 5. You isolate three bacterial species growing together within a biofilm located in a Yellowstone hot sulfur spring: species A is an organoheterotroph, species B is a lithoautotroph, and species C is a photoheterotroph Identify one species within this biofilm that acts as a primary producer and one that acts as a consumer using all of the following terms correctly; organic, inorganic, assimilation, dissimilation.Explanation / Answer
3. Nitrification: It is an oxidation process that is the loss of electrons or gain of the oxidation state by an atom or compound takes place. This process starts with the ammonia which gets oxidized into nitrite (NO2-), this action is performed by the bacteria Nitrosomonas sp. Later, this nitrite (NO2-) gets oxidized into nitrate (NO3-), by the bacteria, named Nitrobacter.
NH4+?NO2-?NO3-
Denitrification: It is the reduction process, by removing nitrate in the form of nitrogen and is converted to nitrogen gas. The action is performed by the bacteria like Bacillus, Aerobacter, Lactobacillus, Spirillum, Pseudomonas.
NO3-? NO2-?NO?N2O?N2
Comparison:
1. Environment Condition: In nitrification process, the microbes are autotrophic, require aerobic condition (presence of oxygen) to grow, and even their growth is slow, on the other hand in denitrification process the microbes are heterotrophic, require anaerobic condition (absence of oxygen), and they show rapid growth as well.
2. Process
Nitrification: Nitrification includes the conversion of reduced nitrogen species into oxidized nitrogen species.
Denitrification: Denitrification as a type of respiration that reduced oxidized nitrogen species into nitrogen species.
3. End Product
Nitrification: The end product of nitrification is nitrate.
Denitrification: The end product of denitrification is nitrogen gas.
4. Starting Species
Nitrification: Nitrification starts with ammonia or ammonium ions.
Denitrification: Denitrification starts with nitrate.
4 a. BOD means biological oxygen demand. It is basically a standard method of a test procedure for indirect measurement of the amount of organic pollution in a sample of water. It based on the activities of bacteria and other aerobic microorganisms (microbes), which feed on organic matter in presence of oxygen. It indicates the amount of water-dissolved oxygen by microbes at an ambient temperature of 20°C. Higher the BOD means higher the amount of pollution in the test sample.
4 b. The Pristine Aquatic Ecosystem means the natural flow of water i.e. groundwater, river etc. The extent to which iron in groundwater depends on the amount of oxygen in the water and, to a lesser extent, upon its degree of acidity. Iron, for example, can occur in two forms: as ferrous iron (Fe2+) and as ferric iron (Fe3+). The iron occurs as Fe2+ at lower dissolved oxygen level.. If the groundwater is oxygen poor it helps to dissolve iron more readily, particularly if the pH of the water is low. Dissolved oxygen content in groundwater is typically low and the iron dissolves as Fe2+. When this water breaks out to surface waters, the dissolved iron reacts with the oxygen in the water, changes to Fe3+ (oxidized form) and forms rust-colored iron minerals.
This result that total water quality impacts represent themselves more as a loss of habitat for aquatic biota as opposed to toxic levels of metals. Precipitates can essentially coat the streambed and significantly impact macroinvertebrate habitat. In addition, iron bacteria can feed on the iron and grow into dense slimy mats further inhibiting macroinvertebrates.
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