a. Bone marrow transplantation is currently used to treat many immunodeficiency

Question

a. Bone marrow transplantation is currently used to treat many immunodeficiency diseases resulting from defects in hematopoietic cells, such as lymphocytes or myeloid cells. Often, the donor of the bone marrow is a healthy relative of the patient, such as a sibling or a parent. The table below shows the HLA genotypes of a patient waiting for a transplant and members of her family Individual Patient Mother Father Grandmother A3, A6, B12, B26, DR1, DR4 Sibling 1 sibling 2 HLA genotype A2, A6, B8, B26, DR2, DR4 A2, A28, B8, B14, DR2, DR3 A6, A11, B3, B26, DR1, DR4 A11, A28, B3, B14, DR1, DR3 A2, A11, B3, B8, DR1, DR2 Which of the individual relatives above would not be a potential donor for the patient's bone marrow transplant and explain your answer. In your explanation, include discuss of how HLA are utilized during thymic selection and why this is important for the clincal bone marrow transplantation. (4 pts) b. Define the following terms, making sure to indicate which immune cell types are involved in each (6 pts total, 2 pts each) i. direct alloantigen recognition ii. indirect alloantigen recognition ii. hyperacute rejection

Explanation / Answer

Ans- sibling 1 would not be a potential donar for the patient's.

Because, HLA(human leukocyte antigen) genotype is completely different from patient's HLA genotype. Not even a single gene is similar. And for a successful transplant matched HLA genotype is required. Either it would be rejection by patient's body or will create lot of possiblities for diseases.

Ans-b. Direct alloantigen recognition

It is a direct presentation of allogenic MHC molecule by APC. It Is a acute rejection.

APC and T cell involved.

Indirect alloantigen recognition

Specific peptide of allogenic MHC is processesd,Self attached and presented by APC.it is chronic rejection.

APC and T cells involved.

Hyperacute rejection

In this, pre exiting antibody bound to the donar epithelial antigens. Rapid accumulation of nutrophills and macrophages occures. It happens with in few minutes and hours.

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