You will choose one specific disease that is of interest to you, and write a 3-5

Question

You will choose one specific disease that is of interest to you, and write a 3-5 page paper describing the cause(s) of the disease, the symptoms and physiologic effects associated with the disease, treatments available, and any other historical notes or relevant information you find interesting. The principa component of your paper should be àn analysis of the impact of the disease on the physiology of the various organ systems of the human body. Historical, psychological, or social implications can be included as supplements, but they should definitely not be the focus of this assignment.

Explanation / Answer

Answer- Typhoid fever

Introduction- Typhoid fever is a type of acute illness that is caused by bacteria named SALMONELLA TYPHI and PARATYPHI. These bacterias are found in water and food and spread from here to the others.

Explanation- Typhoid is a illness that is caused by bacterias which is deposited in the water and food and then spread to the others. Basically the food and water is contaminated by human stool or wastes.. These bacterias can survive for weeks in contaminated food and water.

Physiology- After the ingestion the particular bacteria invade the intestine and enters in the bloodstream. these bacterias are carried by WBCs in spleen, liver, and bone marrow from where they again enters the blood stream. peoples that are infected may develop symptom of fever here, after this they invade the gallbladder, biliary system and lymphatic system of the bowel too. They multiply in very high numbers and then passes into the intestine.

Diagnosis- When the bacterias multiply in high numbers and passes from intestinal tract to stool they can identified there. With stool diagnosis blood and urine samples are also taken for the confirmation.

Symptoms of typhoid fever- Mainly the incubation of this illness is arround 1-2 weeks and duration is about 3-4 weeks. Some symptoms like- headache, poor appetite, pain all over the body, fever 104 degree farenheit, diarrhea, lethargyness,in some people there is chest pain or congestion, pain in abdomen, gineralised discomfort etc. There is constant fever also.

History- Earlier ther were no specific method to identify the particular organis behing the disease. some called it bad air some called poison. In 410BC where the a plague was spreading all over the Athens,as the studies have suggested the Typhoid might be the culprit. Typhoid has changed the fate of many civil wars, contamineted water at the time of war serves as a perfect reservoir for that, many soldiers died without fighting the battle. Two more noticable figures who were also the victims of this disease are the great Alexander in 323BC and Abigail Adams.

Treatment- Vaccine- The first Typhoid vaccine was the result of continous effort of Doctor William Budd who has first identified the cause in 1838 later in 1896 a group of British scientists developed very first vaccine against typhoid fever. Now there are mailny 3 types of vaccines for typhoid. 1- Typhoid conjugate vaccine, 2- Ty21a, 3- ViCPS.

Typhoid fever is treated with the help of antibiotics, several antibiotics are effective for thic fever but Chloramphenicol is the drug of choice for many years but because of some sideeffects this drug has been replaced by other antibiotics.

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