There are many symptoms surrounding allergic reactions and occasionally, some co

Question

There are many symptoms surrounding allergic reactions and occasionally, some conditions may include an accompanying fever!

How might you go about treating immediate (Type I) hypersensitivity?

When a person has hayfever, some common symptoms are runny nose, weeping eyes, difficulties in breathing, etc. (a) Why does this happen?    (b)Antihistamines are often given as treatment: what is their mechanism of action? (c) Describe how allergy shots might lessen the effects of type I hypersensitivity?

Explain how monoclonal antibodies against IgE might help those that suffer from

allergies.

How would you test the relative importance of genetic influence on development  

of allergies compared with environmental influences on the development of allergy?

List 3 specific inflammatory mediators (chemicals) involved in Type I hypersensitive reactions and briefly describe their effect.

In the year 1900, the incident of allergy was about 1-2%. Today, it is almost 30%. Why

has the prevalence of allergies in the population increased?

Explanation / Answer

1st question : Since histamine is most important mediator responsible for immediate effects of hypersensitivity . Antihistaminic provide the relief .

2nd question:

a- Histamine leads to increased secretions and bronchoconstriction , therefore difficult breathing , running nose and weeping eyes.

B - antihistaminic prevent the action of histamine by preventing their release and their action at their receptors , thats why preventing the action of histamine and providing the relief.

C- Allergy shots are working is same manner as vaccine . Just like the vaccine , given at gradually increasing doses . They lead to developement of immunity or tolerance in the body to allergen

Given in build up phase and maintainence phase .

3ed question : On first exposure IgE bind to mast cell. On further exposure IgE cross bind and this lead to mast cell degranulation and histamine is released and responsible for manifestation. Thats why monoclonal antibody are effective against IgE.

4th question : Genetic influence shows High IgE in the susceptible individuals and thats how we check for genetic influence.

5th question : Three specific antinflammatory mediators :

Histamine

Serotonin

Bradykinin

They cause vasodilation , increased vascular permeability and vasoconstriction.

6th question : That is because the high amount of allergens are now prevalent in the environment . Thats why prevalence of allergies has now increased in the environment.

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