40. Mycoplasms, lack peptidoglycan, are about 1.2 um long and lack cell walls ar

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40. Mycoplasms, lack peptidoglycan, are about 1.2 um long and lack cell walls are pleomorphic cause human disease 41. Mesophiles like temperatures of around 40 degrees Celsius and some 42. The normal autoclave parameters are 121 degrees celsius, 15 seconds, 15 psi but can be varied 43. Formaldehyde is not a good antiseptic or disinfectant, except under very limited circumstances 44. Rhinoviruses have DNA as genetic material and are thus unlikely to cause cancer 45 DNA viruses are more likely to cause cancer than RNA viruses, with the exception of retroviruses 46. AIDS is in the retroviridae and carries in the virion reverse transcriptase for making a DNA copy of its RNA in the host cell. 47. There are around 45 different transfer RNS in a typical human cell r 49. Exons are found in archea, bacteria and eukaryotes, although they appear to be rare and not as important False s2 Metchniov won a noble prize and coined th term phagoytssnisonsidered by some the father of e 48. DNA codes for messenger RNAs, while nonsense DNA codes for long non-coding RNAS 49. Translation occurs in nucleus of eukaryotes and the nucleoid of prokaryotes Faise False in archea and bacteria. 50. Waksman probably coined the term antibiotic, while discovering streptomycin ve 51 Selman Waxman is known for staining, immunity and the magic bullet nue innate immunity 53. Endospores may have genes for antibiotic resistance and toxicity and are probably a major player in drug Fals C resistance 54.One giant Armillaria sp, a mycorhizzae, occupies 1,600 football fields and is probably thousands of years old sc 55. Fungi can be saprophytic, parasitic and a few are predaceous 56. Hyphae are filamentous structures that make up the mycelium of most fungi ru 57. There are about a hundred thousand described species of fungi with the largest number in the Frse Ascomycota 58. Modified adenoviruses filoviridae and retroviruses like HIV are being used as vectors in biotechnology. 7 59. The envelope of viruses is made of lipids derived from host cell membrane or the endoplasmic reticulum by budding 60 We are not well prepared for bird flu or any pandemic. False 61. Viral diseases included rabies, measles ,small pox, mumps, monkey pox, herpes, warts, ebola La/SC hemorrhagic fever, dengue and shingles 62. Prions are infectious genetic material that were named by Stanley Pruisner and are found in many Trve vertebrates, like sheep, minks, cattle, humans, and in some fungi 63. The flaviviridae includes Yellow fever, hepC, West Nile viruses and Dengue 64. Diatoms have been used in clarifying wine, making dynamite , played a role in the Nobel prize,make oil Ferk from sunlight and CO2 and some produce domoic acid which can erase short term memory 65. Ebola and Marburg are in the Filoviridae Trve 66. There is no pressing need for man to produce new vaccines, like DNA vaccines, because viruses represent ise a minor threat to the human race, therefore the politicians and leaders of the world are well-informed Eal 6 7 The lack of medical and biological literacy of our politicians is a huge problem especially in decisions about the health care industry 68. Retrotransposons may have given rise to some viruses Trul 69 70. Retroviruses have inserted there RNA into our ancestors so that may be 10% of the DNA of humans is viral. The s represent a large part of our DNA-60% or more nonsense True Il. Multiple Choice 1. The following describes viruses

Explanation / Answer

(40) True

M. pneumoniae is characterized by the absence of a peptidoglycan cell wall and resulting resistance

(41) True

A mesophile grows best in moderate temperature, typically between 20 and 45 °C

(42)False

A normal autoclave parameter includes high-pressure saturated steam at 121 °C (249 °F) for around 15–20 minutes.

(43)True

Formaldehyde is not a best disinfectant or antiseptic given the choice of use.

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