BIOL 1307.001 GENERAL BIOLOGY lI Homework no. 7. Immune system L. Immune cell ta

Question

BIOL 1307.001 GENERAL BIOLOGY lI Homework no. 7. Immune system L. Immune cell taxonomy. For each description below, write in the blank the letter beside the type of cells (top) to which it best, most specifically applies. There is only one "best" answer per blank. A leakocytes (B) mast cells. (C) phagcytes. (D) lymphocytes 1. B cells -2, "cell caters" 3. cytotoxic T cells 4 destroy body cells infected with viruses 5. "fire alarm" cells 6. first cells that respond in the inflammation response 7. helper T cells 8. macrophages 9, memory B cells 10. neutrophils 11, not really white, just colorless 12. phagocytize C'eat") cellular pathogens in the humoral immune response 13, phagocytize ('eat") ruptured infected cells and viruses in the cell-mediated immune respons 14. plasma B cells 15. produce antibodics 16. release histamine 17, spend most of their time moving through subcutaneous connective tissue 18, spend most of their time in the lymph system 19. T cells Cuads Meth ite git tos) to tie bormone(s) it produces or the other relevant information. E. adrenal gland F. islets of Langerhans G. testes H. ovaries A. pitut aay and C. pineal gland D. thyroid gland 1 cortisol 2. deficiency of its hormone causes the gland to swell, producing a goiter 3. circadian rhythm 4 embedded in the pancreas 5. adrenaline 6. estrogen 7. glucagon 8. growth hormone 9. insulin 10. iodine is the essential mineral component of its hormone 11. "master gland" 12. "master of the master gland 13. melatonin 14. one of its hormones stimulates rapid response to immediate stress or danger (fight o 15. one of their hormones induces and maintains secondary female sex characteristics 16. one of its hormones mediates growth in juveniles 17. progesterone 18. testosterone 19. their hormone induces and stimulates secondary male sex characteristios 20. thyroxine

Explanation / Answer

Answers to Immune cell taxonomy:

1. B cells: Answer D: Lymphocytes

Explanation: B cells are B lymphocytes which are responsible for humoral immunity

2. Cell eaters: Answer C: Phagocytes

Explanation: Phagocytes are type of white blood cells that eat bacteria, dead cells or other foreign bodies. Hence called cell eaters

3. Cytotoxic T cells: Answer D: Lymphocytes

Explanation: A cytotoxic t cells are T lymphocytes (kind of WBC), which kill cancerous cells or cells that are infected with virus

4. Destroy body cells infected with viruses: Answer D: Lymphocytes

Explanation: Cytoxic T cells (Lymnphocytes), Natural killer cells and anitviral macrophages helps in recognition and killing of cells which are infected with virus

5. Fire alarm cells: B: Mast cells

Explanation: Mast cells which are primed by IgE immunoglobulins release histamine, cytokines, Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulatin factor (GM-CSF), leukotrienes, heparin and many proteases which act as fire alarms

6. First cells that respond in the inflammation response: B: Mast Cells

Explanation: As explained previously Mast cells release several mediators which bring the inflammatory responses

7. Helper T cells:  Answer D: Lymphocytes

Explanation: Helper T cells are type of T lymphocytes which play an important role in adaptive immunity.

8. Macrophages: Answer C: Phagocytes

Explanation: Macrophages along with neutrophils, monocytes, mast cells and dendritic cells are the professional phagocytes

9. Memory B cells: Answer D: Lymphocytes

Explanation: Memory B cell are B lymphocytes which are responsible antibody mediated immune responses when same antigen enters into the body for the second time

10. Neutrophils: A. Leukocytes

Explanation: Neutrophils are leukocytes (granulocyte) which are helpful in fighting infection by ingesting microorganisms and releasing enzymes that destroy them

11. Not really white, just colorless: A. Leukocytes

Explanation: Even leukocytes are called as white blood cells they are actually colorless and hence require special stains to make them visible under microscope

12. Phagocytize (eat) cellular pathogens in the humoral immune response: Answer. D: Lymphocytes

Explanation: Mediated by B cells as explained before

13. Phagocytize (eat) ruptured infected cells and viruses in the cell-mediated immune responses: Answer. D: Lymphocytes

Explanation: Mediated by T cells as explained before

14. Plasma B cells: D. Lymphocytes

Explanation: Plasma B cells are B cells which produces antibodies with respect to antigen

15. Produce Antibodies: D: Lymphocytes

Explanation: Antibodies are produced by B lymphocytes

16. Release histamine: B: Mast cells

Explanation: Histamine is release by mast cells as explained before and hence involved in inflammation

17. Spend most of their time moving through subcutaneous connective tissue: A. Leukocytes

Explanation: Leukocytes travel for a short period in the blood stream and then enters the connective tissues where most of the time is spent by leukocytes

18. Spend most of thier time in the lymph system: D. Lymphocytes

Explanation: Lymphocytes spend most of the time in lymph system

19. T cells: D. Lymphocytes

Explanation: T cells are lymphocytes responsible for cell mediated immunity

20. White blood cells: A. Leukocytes

Explanation: White blood cells are also called as leukocytes

Answers to Matching Gland and hormones:

1. Cortisol: E. Adrenal gland

Explanation: Cortisol is a glucocorticoid produced by adrenal gland

2. Deficiency of its hormone causes the gland to swell, producing a goitre: D. Thyroid gland

Explanation: Deficiency of Thyroxine causes simple goitre

3. Circadian rhythm: C. Pineal gland

Explanation: Pineal gland maintain the circadian rhythm and also regulate reproductive hormons by production of Melatonin.

4. Embedded in Pancreas: F. Islets of langerhans

Explanation: Pancreas have clusters of cells scattered called as Islets of langerhans

5. Adrenaline: E. Adrenal gland

Explanation: Adrenaline is secreted by adrenal medulla

6. Estrogen: H. Ovaries

Explanation: Estrogen is a primary sex hormone produced by ovaries

7. Glucagon: F. Islets of Langerhans

Explanation: Glucagon is secreted by alpha cells of Islets of langerhans of pancreas

8. Growth hormone: A. Pituitary gland

Explanation: Growth hormone is secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary gland

9. Insulin:F. Islets of Langerhans

Explanation: Insulin is is secreted by beta cells of Islets of langerhans of pancreas

10. Iodine is the essential mineral component of its hormone: D. Thyroid gland

Explanation: Iodine is required for synthesis of T3 (Triiodo) T4(Tetra iodothyronine)

11. Master gland: A. Pituitary gland

Explanation: Pituitary gland is the master gland since it controls functions of many organs

12. Master of the master gland: B. Hypothalamus

Explanation: Hypothalamus controls the pituitary by secreting releasing hormones

13. Melatonin: C. Pineal gland

Explanation: Explained before

14. One of its hormones stumulates rapid response to immediate stress or danger (fight or flight): E. Adrenal gland

Explanation: Adreanline, a sympathetic hormone is responsible for fight or flight

15. One of their hormones induces and maintains secondary female sex characteristics: H. Ovaries

Explanation: Estrogen secreted from ovaries induces secondary female sex characteristics

16. One of its hormones mediates growth in juveniles: A. Pituitary gland

Explanation: Growth hormone from pituitary controls the growth

17. Progesterone: H. Ovaries

Explanation: Progesterone is secreted by ovaries which maintains pregnancy

18. Testosterone: G. Testes

Explanation: Testosterone is secreted by Leydig cells of testes

19. Their hormone induces and stimulates secondary male characteristics: G. Testes

Explanation: Testosterone from testes induces and stimulates secondary male characteristics

20. Thyroxine: Thyroid gland

Explanation: Thyroxine is secreted by thyroid gland

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