1. During the zombie apocalypse, Ava manages to find a safe haven in a small hos
ID: 252618 • Letter: 1
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1. During the zombie apocalypse, Ava manages to find a safe haven in a small hospital. Inside she finds two survivors, Leon and Chris. Leon is badly injured from a freak accident with a can of baked beans and needs a blood transfusion. Luckily, Ava finds all the necessary materials to test everyone's blood type and perform the transfusion (3.5 pts) Describe how Ava should scientifically go about testing everyone's blood type. Include what you would look for to determine the blood type using the terms agglutination, antigen, and antibody (2pts). The results from the blood test are shown below. Identify everyone's blood type. The textured wells display agglutinated blood and the plain/non-textured wells contain blood that is not agglutinated (0.5 pts each). a. b. Rh Rh Rh Chris Leon Chris' Blood type: Leon's Blood type: Ava's Blood type: answer using the term agglutination, antigen, and antibody (2pt). After Ava's blood typing, Chris goes searching for more medical supplies. He finds a refrigerator full of donated blood. What blood types should he bring back to the group to make sure everyone can get a compatible transfusion if they need one in the future? Specify which person can receive wwhich blood type (1.5pts). 3.Explanation / Answer
1a.
The blood groups are based on the presence or absence of specific antigens -- A, B and Rh
? Group A has the A antigen and B antibody.
? Group B has the B antigen and the A antibody.
? Group AB has A and B antigens but neither A nor B antibodies.
? Group O doesn’t have A or B antigens but has both A and B antibodies.
The third antigen is called the Rh factor and is also present on the surface of RBCs. If the Rh factor is present the blood type is called positive, if its absent then the blood type is negative. So each of the four blood groups, can be A positive or A negative, B positive or B negative, AB positive or AB negative and O positive or O negative.
S to determine the blood type, we need to find out which antigens are present in the persons blood. For this, we mix the person’s blood with three different reagents containing either of the three antibodies: A, B or Rh separately. then we look for agglutination or clumping. If there is agglutination, it means that the blood has reacted with the antibody and is therefore not compatible with blodd containing that antibody. if there is no agglutination, then the persons blood has no antigens that react with that particular antibody.
1b. Avas blood group is B+ because there is agglutination with the B antibody and Rh antibody indicating the presence of B antigens and Rh factor
Chris's blood group is O + as it has no antigens( O blood group) that can react with the A nd B antibodies but shows agglutination with Rh antibody indicating the presence of Rh factor and hence is positive.
Leon's blood is O - as there is no agglutination in any of the wells.
2. Neither Chris nor Ava can donate blood to Leon as he is O- meaning he has no A, B or Rh antigens on his RBCs but has A, B and Rh antibodies present in his blood plasma. Therefore he cannot receive blood from them as the RBCs in the donated blood would get agglutinated by his antibodies.
3. Chris should get the O- blood type to ensure everyone can get a blood transfusion. However, Ava can receive B+, B- O+ and O- blood types, Chris can receive O+ or O- blood groups, while Leon can receive only O- blood. This is assuming that B- and O- blood donors have not been exposed to Rh antigens from a previous transfusion.But if the B- and O- donours have been exposed to Rh antigens, then they would have developed Rh antibodies. In this case Ava can receive only B+ and O+ blood types, Chris can receive O+ blood group, while Leon can receive only O- blood.
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