Dr. Jay has determined the sequence of a gene from four fish species. Below, it

Question

Dr. Jay has determined the sequence of a gene from four fish species. Below, it is described a segment of the sequence of this gene for the 4 species (NA-Sp, North Atlantic species; SA-Sp, South Atlantic species Pc-Sp, Pacific species; Md-Sp, Mediterranean species). The letters below the codons are the amino acids encoded. 3. NA-Sp atg cat cca tcg att cag tat acg cga cca ggt gca SA-Sp atg cat cct teg att cag tct acg cga cca ggt gct Pc-Sp atg cac cca teg atc cag tct acg cga cct tgt gct Md-Sp atg cac ccg ttg ata caa tct atg cgc tca tgt gcg.. On a separate sheet of paper: Determine the number of synonymous and non-synonymous differences for all of the pairs of species (twelve observed values). a. Determine the corresponding values for D, (synonymous) and Do (non-synonymous) (twelve values). As a simplification you can assume that all 1st and 2nd positions are non-synonymous sites and that all 3'd positions are synonymous sites. The changes, however, need to be counted correctly. You don't need to correct for multiple hits. b. c. If the North (NA-Sp) and South (SA-Sp) Atlantic separated 10 million years ago (Mya), draw the best tree depicting the relationships among these species and their divergence times.

Explanation / Answer

3 a) there are 5 non-synonymous (amino acid become change) differences and rest 6 are synonymous ( mutation in nucleotide sequences results into silent mutation that amino acids does not change ) differences.

3 b) out of 5 non-synonymous Da is 2 diffrences at 1st position and 3 differences found at 2nd position.

Ds = 3rd position (7)

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