MICROBIO for these chemicals below, (1) describe the mode of action(what does it
ID: 24439 • Letter: M
Question
MICROBIO for these chemicals below, (1) describe the mode of action(what does it do to the cell) (2)what part of the cell structure is damaged or what vital chemicals are affected (3) give a specific example of its use commercially? in a hospital, clinic, home?A. HALOGENS( chlorine and iodophores)
B. PHENOL and its derivativer
C. HYDROGEN PEROXIDE as a germicide
D. ALCOHOLS like ethanol and isopropyl
E. SURFACTANTS like detergents and quats
F. ALKYLATING AGENTS ( like formaldehyde and ethylene oxide)
G. Heavy metals that are oligodynamic- (mercury, silver, gold)
Explanation / Answer
A. Halogens 1. They are oxidizing agents and cause damage by oxidation of essential sulfydryl groups of enzymes. Chlorine reacts with water to form hypochlorous acid, which is microbicidal. 2. Cytoplasm 3. Clorox: Chlorine, bleach, hypochlorite; Iodine compounds B. Phenol 1. Act by disruption of membranes, precipitation of proteins and inactivation of enzymes. 2. Cell membrane 3. Lysol, Cresol, Dettol (chloroxylenol) C. H2O2 1. It acts on the microorganisms through its release of nascent oxygen. Hydrogen peroxide produces hydroxyl-free radical that damages proteins and DNA. 2. Cytoplasm and nucleic acid 3. H2O2 used directly on wounds and on medical equipment. D.Alcohols 1. Alcohols dehydrate cells, disrupt membranes and cause coagulation of protein. 2. Cell membrane 3. Ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, methyl alcohol E.Surfactants 1.They have the property of concentrating at interfaces between lipid containing membrane of bacterial cell and surrounding aqueous medium. These compounds have long chain hydrocarbons that are fat soluble and charged ions that are water-soluble. Since they contain both of these, they concentrate on the surface of membranes. They disrupt membrane resulting in leakage of cell constituents. 2. Cell membranes 3. Soaps, detergents (used in hospitals, homes, everywhere) F. Alkylating Agents 1. Acts through alkylation of amino-, carboxyl- or hydroxyl group, and probably damages nucleic acids. It kills all microorganisms, including spores. 2. Nucleic acid structure 3. Formaldehyde & Gluteraldehyde G. Heavy metals 1. Act by precipitation of proteins and oxidation of sulfydryl groups. They are bacteriostatic. 2. Cytoplasm 3. Silver nitrate solution (applied topically in neonate eyes to kill bacterial infections)
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