NTRS 2500 Study Guide: Test 1 Chapter 1: Know leading causes of death What cause
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NTRS 2500 Study Guide: Test 1 Chapter 1: Know leading causes of death What causes chronic disease Effects of physical activity on the body Who publishes nutrition related health objectives How many and what are the nutrient categories Know calories earned by macronutrients and macronutrient profile What does "essential" mean? What is an elemental diet? What is a phytochemical? What terms on labels have no legal definition? Know the definition of processed and staple foods What is a functional food? Chapter 2 Know all the categories of the DRI and their purposes Which of the DRIs defines average requirements used by nutrition Calorie range of Daily Values What is a major guideline for healthy people? Be familiar with My Plate breakdown Know USDA Food Patterns and foods contained in them What are discretionary calories? Chapter 3 Know what cells are, how they function and when they are replace Know the body's circulating fluids Where is co, released? What organ in the body reacts to high blood sugar Mhat triacars sensations nf hunaorExplanation / Answer
Chapter 1
1. Know leading causes of death: Ischemic heart disease and stroke are the world's biggest killers according to the reports in 2015.Other leading causes of death as per WHO are, Heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer, Lower respiratory Infections, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Colon and rectum cancer, Alzheimer’s disease and Type 2 Diabetes.
2. A chronic disease is a health condition that is long lasting in its effect. The term chronic is applied when the course of the disease lasts for more than 3 months. Alzheimer’s disease, Arthritis and Asthma are a few examples of chronic diseases.
Health Risk behaviours are said to be the cause of chronic diseases. These are unhealthy behaviours you can change. For e.g.: lack of exercise, poor nutrition, tobacco use, etc.
3. Effects of physical activity on the body: Physical activity can improve your health and reduce the risk of developing several diseases like Type 2 Diabetes, Heart diseases, etc. Physical activity can have immediate and long term health benefits. Importantly it increases the quality of life.
One of the key benefits of the physical activity is that it helps normalize your glucose, insulin and leptin levels by optimizing its receptor sensitivity. This is the most important factor for optimizing the overall health and prevent chronic diseases.
4. Nutrition related health objectives: The department of Health and Human services is responsible for creating nation’s health objectives.
5. The nutrients can be grouped into 6 categories.
a) Carbohydrates - Provides Energy.
b) Protein -Builds new tissues, antibodies and enzymes mainly.
c) Fat -Provide long term energy, insulation and protection.
d) Vitamins -Facilitate use of other nutrients.
e) Minerals -build bone and teeth and aid in muscle function.
f) Water -Dissolves and carry nutrients, remove waste and regulate body temperature.
6. Macronutrients Profile: Macro nutrients are essential nutrients required in relatively large amounts such as carbohydrate, protein, fat and water.
Macronutrient profile refers to Ideal ratio of carbohydrate, protein and fat required for an individual. A split of 40% Carbohydrate, 30% protein and 30% fat can work well.
Fat provides 9 calories per gram while carbohydrates and protein each contain 4 calories per gram.
7. Essential means absolutely necessary or extremely important.
8. An elemental diet is a diet that proposes ingestion by use of a gastric feeding tube or intravenous feeding of liquid nutrients .It is usually composed of Amino acids, fats, sugars, vitamins and minerals.
9. Phytochemicals are chemical compounds produced by plants. They are commonly found in fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes and grains. Phytochemicals provide plants with color, odour and flavour. Researches says a lot about the health benefits of Phytochemicals too.
10. The terms such as Natural or Nutraceutical have no legal meaning.
11. Processed foods are foods subjected to any process such as milling, alteration of texture, addition of additives, cooking or others. e.g.: Roasted peanuts.
Staple foods are the foods used very frequently or daily. e.g.: Rice (in Asia).
12. A functional food is a food given an additional function by adding new ingredients or more existing ingredients. Functional foods deliver additional or enhanced benefits over and above their basic nutritional value.
Eg: Oats, Probiotics.
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