CATEGORY SAMPLE CLINICAL FINDINGS Respiratory Infections Nervous System Dysfunct
ID: 240541 • Letter: C
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CATEGORY SAMPLE CLINICAL FINDINGS Respiratory Infections Nervous System Dysfunction GI System Dysfunction Cancers & Malignancies Wasting Syndrome L. HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) M. Noninvasive anal carcinoma A. Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia G. Karosi sarc H. Diarrhea I. Herpes simplex infection J. Mycobacterium tuberculosis K. Lipid dystrophy Metaboie & morphotogical disorder C. Mouth yeast infection N. Mitcochondrial disorders O. Cytomegalovirus infection P. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma . D. Progressive Multifocal Leukocephalopathy (PML) E. Noninvasive cervical carcinoma F. Toxoplasma gongii infectionExplanation / Answer
A) Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia-
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a serious infection that causes inflammation and fluid buildup in the lungs. It's caused by a fungus called Pneumocystis jiroveci that's likely spread through the air.
Pneumocystis pneumonia is not commonly found in the lungs of healthy people, but, being a source of opportunistic infection, it can cause a lung infection in people with a weak immune system.
J) Mycobacterium tuberculosis- is a pathogenic bacterial species which is the causative agent of tuberculosis, an infectious disease that usually affects the lungs.
D) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) -
It is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by widespread lesions due to infection of oligodendrocytes by JC virus, which is a human polyomavirus (formerly known as papovavirus).
F) Toxoplasma gondii infection - It is an intracellular protozoan parasite, can infect humans in 3 different ways: ingestion of tissue cysts, ingestion of oocysts, or congenital infection with tachyzoites. After proliferation of tachyzoites in various organs during the acute stage, the parasite forms cysts preferentially in the brain and establishes a chronic infection.
L) HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND)-
are neurological disorders associated with HIV infection and AIDS. HAND may include neurological disorders of various severity. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders are associated with a metabolic encephalopathy induced by HIV infection.
N) Mitochondrial diseases result from failures of the mitochondria, specialized compartments present in every cell of the body except red blood cells.The parts of the body, such as the heart, brain, muscles and lungs, requiring the greatest amounts of energy are the most affected. Mitochondrial disease is difficult to diagnose, because it affects each individual differently. Symptoms can include seizures, strokes, severe developmental delays, inability to walk, talk, see, and digest food combined with a host of other complications.
C) Mouth yeast infection-
Oral thrush occurs when a yeast infection develops on the inside of your mouth and on your tongue.
H) Diarrhea- It is a condition in which a person has loose and more frequent stools due gasteroentritis.
E) Non invasive cervical cancer-
Carcinoma in situ (CIS) is a general term for an early stage cancer. Cervicalcarcinoma in situ is also referred to as stage 0 cervical cancer. It's noninvasive, which means the cancerous cells are confined to the surface of your cervix and haven't penetrated more deeply into the tissues.
G) Kaposi sarcoma - It is a multicentric vascular tumor, that involves blood vessels and affects soft tissue in multiple areas of the body.
M) Non-invasive anal carcinoma
P) Non-Hodgkin lymph- is a cancer that starts in white blood cells called lymphocytes, which are part of the body’s immune system.
Category Sample Finding Respiratory InfectionsA) Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia-
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a serious infection that causes inflammation and fluid buildup in the lungs. It's caused by a fungus called Pneumocystis jiroveci that's likely spread through the air.
Pneumocystis pneumonia is not commonly found in the lungs of healthy people, but, being a source of opportunistic infection, it can cause a lung infection in people with a weak immune system.
J) Mycobacterium tuberculosis- is a pathogenic bacterial species which is the causative agent of tuberculosis, an infectious disease that usually affects the lungs.
Nervous system dysfunctionD) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) -
It is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by widespread lesions due to infection of oligodendrocytes by JC virus, which is a human polyomavirus (formerly known as papovavirus).
F) Toxoplasma gondii infection - It is an intracellular protozoan parasite, can infect humans in 3 different ways: ingestion of tissue cysts, ingestion of oocysts, or congenital infection with tachyzoites. After proliferation of tachyzoites in various organs during the acute stage, the parasite forms cysts preferentially in the brain and establishes a chronic infection.
L) HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND)-
are neurological disorders associated with HIV infection and AIDS. HAND may include neurological disorders of various severity. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders are associated with a metabolic encephalopathy induced by HIV infection.
N) Mitochondrial diseases result from failures of the mitochondria, specialized compartments present in every cell of the body except red blood cells.The parts of the body, such as the heart, brain, muscles and lungs, requiring the greatest amounts of energy are the most affected. Mitochondrial disease is difficult to diagnose, because it affects each individual differently. Symptoms can include seizures, strokes, severe developmental delays, inability to walk, talk, see, and digest food combined with a host of other complications.
GI system dysfunctionC) Mouth yeast infection-
Oral thrush occurs when a yeast infection develops on the inside of your mouth and on your tongue.
H) Diarrhea- It is a condition in which a person has loose and more frequent stools due gasteroentritis.
Cancer and malignanciesE) Non invasive cervical cancer-
Carcinoma in situ (CIS) is a general term for an early stage cancer. Cervicalcarcinoma in situ is also referred to as stage 0 cervical cancer. It's noninvasive, which means the cancerous cells are confined to the surface of your cervix and haven't penetrated more deeply into the tissues.
G) Kaposi sarcoma - It is a multicentric vascular tumor, that involves blood vessels and affects soft tissue in multiple areas of the body.
M) Non-invasive anal carcinoma
P) Non-Hodgkin lymph- is a cancer that starts in white blood cells called lymphocytes, which are part of the body’s immune system.
Wasting syndrome K) Lipodystrophy- is a disorder in which the body is unable to produce fat. This condition is characterized by abnormal or degenerative conditions of the body's adipose tissue.Related Questions
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