PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE 1. describe the disorder 2. Describe the four stages o
ID: 240426 • Letter: P
Question
PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE 1. describe the disorder 2. Describe the four stages of chronic peripheral artery disease 3. What are your physical assessment or clinical manifestations 4. Know the difference between arterial ukcers venous ulcers and diabetic 5. What are your diagnostic 6. What are your interventions both non-surgical and 7. What is the drug therapy 8. What is arterial revascularization? The preoperative care operative procedure and post- op care 9. What is emergency thrombectomy? 10. What is the home care assessment 11. What is the patient and family education for self-management? ACUTE PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL OCCLUSION 1. WHAT IS THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2. What is a collaborative care 3. What is compartmental syndromeExplanation / Answer
1. Peripheral artery disease (PAD)
Peripheral artery disease (also called peripheral arterial disease) is a common circulatory problem in which narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to your limbs.
When you develop peripheral artery disease (PAD), your extremities — usually your legs — don't receive enough blood flow to keep up with demand. This causes symptoms, most notably leg pain when walking (claudication).
Peripheral artery disease is also likely to be a sign of a more widespread accumulation of fatty deposits in your arteries (atherosclerosis). This condition may be reducing blood flow to your heart and brain, as well as your legs.
You often can successfully treat peripheral artery disease by quitting tobacco, exercising and eating a healthy diet.
2. Four stages of chronic peripheral artery disease
Peripheral artery occlusive disease is commonly divided in the Fontaine stages
Stage I: Asymptomatic, incomplete blood vessel obstruction
Stage II: Mild claudication pain in limb
Stage IIA: Claudication when walking a distance of greater than 200 meters
Stage IIB: Claudication when walking a distance of less than 200 meters
Stage III: Rest pain, mostly in the feet
Stage IV: Necrosis and/or gangrene of the limb
3. Clinical manifestations or physical assessment of peripheral artery disease
4. Difference between arterial ulcer, venous ulcers and diabetic ulcer
5. Diagnostic test of Peripheral artery disease
6. Interventions non surgical
Treatment for peripheral artery disease has two major goals:
You may be able to accomplish these goals with lifestyle changes. If you smoke, quitting is the single most important thing you can do to reduce your risk of complications.
If lifestyle changes are not enough, you will need additional medical treatment. Your doctor may prescribe medicine to prevent blood clots, lower blood pressure and cholesterol, and control pain and other symptoms.
7. Drug theraphy
8. What is arterial revacularization?
Revascularization is the restoration of perfusion to a body part or organ that has suffered ischemia. It is typically accomplished by surgical means. Vascular bypass and angioplasty are the two primary means of revascularization.
Difference between arterial ulcer, venous ulcers and diabetic ulcer Arterial Ulcers Diabetic Ulcers Venous Ulcers Predisposing Factors- Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
- Diabetes mellitus
- Advanced Age
- Diabetic patient with peripheral neuropathy
- Valve incompetence in perforating veins
- History of deep vein thrombophlebitis and thrombosis
- Previous history of ulcers
- Obesity
- Advanced age
- Even wound margins
- Gangrene or necrosis
- Deep, pale wound bed
- Blanched or purpuric periwound tissue
- Severe pain
- Cellulitis
- Minimal exudate
- Even wound margins
- Deep wound bed
- Cellulitis or underlying osteomyelitis
- Granular tissue present unless PVD is present
- Low to moderate drainage
- Irregular wound margins
- Superficial wound
- Ruddy, granular tissue
- Usually no pain
- Frequently moderate to heavy exudate
- Between toes or tips of toes
- Over phalangeal heads
- Around lateral malleolus
- At sites subjected to trauma or rubbing of footwear
- On plantar aspect of foot
- Over metatarsal heads
- Under heel
- On medial lower led and ankle
- On malleolar area
- Thin, shinny, dry skin
- Hair loss on ankle & foot
- Thickened toenails
- Pallor on elevation and dependent rubor
- Cyanosis
- Decreased temperature
- Absent or diminished pulses
- Diminished or absent sensation in foot
- Foot deformities
- Palpable pulses
- Warm foot
- Subcutaneous fat atrophy
- Firm edema
- Dilated superficial veins
- Dry, thin skin
- Evidence of healed ulcers
- Periwound and leg hyperpigmintation
- Possible dermatitis
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