this is oceanography. please do not copy on the internet, write by yourself and
ID: 233945 • Letter: T
Question
this is oceanography. please do not copy on the internet, write by yourself and make sure your spelling is right. thank you
Part I - Water Properties (50 points)
1) What is Heat Capacity?
2) When walking on the beach in a sunny day, you may sense that sand is kind of warm while water is still cool. Why? (hint: see class note for heat capacity of water and sand)
3) Why is ice less dense than water?
Part I - Ocean Circulation
a) What is the cause of surface ocean circulation? What determines the directions of surface ocean currents?
b) What is the cause of deep ocean circulation? Why is the deep ocean circulation referred as the thermohaline circulation?
Explanation / Answer
Part -1 : 1) Heat capacity : i) It is a physical quantity.
ii) It can be measured. Units : Joule / kelvin
iii) It is defined as the ratio of the heat added to an object or removed from the object to the resultant temperature change.
Simply : During the change in temperature of the atmosphere surrounding the matter or object , the gaining of heat or lossing of heat by the particular object or matter is called Heat capacity of the partuicular object or matter . the object can be solids or liquids.
2) When walking on the beach in a sunny day , we sence that sand is warm and the water is cool because the water is slow conductor of heat than the sand. Thus water needs more energy than the sand to increase its temperature by absorbing the heat. And also main reason is the sun's rays should go deeper into the oceans. Oceans are more deeper than the sand. So Ocean water takes more time to heat the full water but it is impossible as the day(warm) and nights(cool) are formed within 24 hours. But the sand easily absorbs heat and the sand is less thicker on the surface.Hence it easily gains and retains the heat.And water has to lose more energy than the sand to lose its temperature.So water can't easily retain the heat..So we feel more warm in the sand in the sunny day.
3) Ice is less dense than the water : In water there will be hydrogen bond between water molecules. Hydrogen bond that connects one water molecule to the 3.4 water moleucles.
When water freezes to ice ,it crystallizes into a rigid lattice. ( hexagonal structure). In ice each molecule is hydrogen bonded to 4 other molecules forming a rigid lattice. Due to this there will be more gap between the molecules. Hence space increases and hence volume also increases.
we know the formula Density = mass / volume.
Density is inversily proportional to the volume. Hence as the volume increases density decreases. Hence ice is less denser than the water.
Part 2 : OCean circulation :
a) Cause of surface ocean circulation : The main cause of surface ocean circulation is Wind.
ii)Wind direction. iii) Coriolis force from Earth's rotation .Ie it takes the currents to right in Northern Hemisphere and shifts left in Southern Hemisphere.
iv) Position of landforms that interact with the currents.
Wind direction mainly determines the directions of the surface ocean cuurents.As the currents are formed along with the wind direction.
b)Cause of the deep Ocean circulation : are density differences between water masses caused by the temperature and the salinity.
ii) Salinity variations. iii) Gravity iv) other events like earthquakes.
Deep ocean circulations are caused mainly by the difference in water density , which is controlled by temperature called thermo and salinity called haline . hence this process is called thermohaline process.
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