1) A few centuries ago, vast divides in global wealth did not exist. Wealth and
ID: 233114 • Letter: 1
Question
1) A few centuries ago, vast divides in global wealth did not exist. Wealth and power were concentrated in the hands of a very small number of rulers and landowners and everyone else was poor. This began to change_____.
A. at the turn of the 20th Century
B. during the industrial revolution, coupled with the rise of agricultural productivity C. at the onset of the information age
D. at the height of the Ottoman Empire
2) What best explains the difference of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions between the industrial and the developing countries?
A. The industrial nations emit about one-third of the CO2 produced globally compared to the two-thirds of the developing nations output because of the larger populations that are concentrated in the developing world.
B. The industrial nations emit about 10 percent of the world's CO2 carbon dioxide emissions as a result of their lower population levels, whereas the developing nations emit the bulk of CO2 because of their higher population density.
C. The developing nations emit about one-third of the CO2 globally compared to the two- thirds that the industrial nations produce because of the industrial nations' consumption patterns.
D. The developing nations emit approximately 50 percent of the total CO2 produced, because of their prevailing agricultural patterns, whereas industrial nations emit the other 50 percent due to their consumption patterns and energy use.
3) Based on the world map below, discuss where access to abortion is easier? Where is it more difficult? Discuss why abortion laws are stricter in certain nations.
Explanation / Answer
1) B. during the industrial revolution, coupled with the rise of agricultural productivity.
Before the rise of industry, the vast majority of people were peasant farmers who lived in villages scattered across the countryside. The land was dominated by warlords and each village shared its harvest with the local warlord, who in return protected the peasants from raids and invasions.
The church also took a share of the harvest. By enforcing strict religious morality and by keeping peace between the warlords, they helped to protect the peasants from unnecessary cruelties and abuses. The relationship between the warlords, priests, and peasants was held together by feelings of fear, loyalty, and mutual obligation.
Very little changed over the generations. People followed customs and traditions that had been passed down from a time that was long before anyone could remember. Many believed that they were born to follow in their parent’s footsteps. Choices were few and people rarely questioned their lot in life. Most people simply did whatever they were told to do by their elders, rulers, and priests.
The tools and techniques used by village craftsmen had long ago been perfected and very little improvement seemed possible. Nobody could produce anything more efficiently than anyone else. Transport was slow and difficult, so production was mostly local. Competitive prices in the marketplace only led to reduced incomes, resulting in lower quality goods and services, which benefited no one. So craftsmen formed unions to protect their trade by enforcing fixed prices.
2) B. The industrial nations emit about 10 percent of the world's CO2 carbon dioxide emissions as a result of their lower population levels, whereas the developing nations emit the bulk of CO2 because of their higher population density.
The simplest and most common way to compare the emissions of countries is to add up all the fossil fuels burned and cement produced in each nation and convert that into CO2. According to 2011 data compiled by the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, the top 10 emitters by this measure are:
1. China: 9697 million tonnes (MT) or 28.6%
2. US: 5420 MT or 16.0%
3. India: 1967 MT or 5.8%
4. Russia: 1829 MT or 5.4%
5. Japan: 1243 MT or 3.7%
6. Germany: 810 MT 2.4%
7. South Korea: 609 MT or 1.7%
8. Canada: 555 MT or 1.6%
9. Indonesia: 490 MT or 1.4%
10. Saudi Arabia: 464 MT or 1.4%
3) Access to abortion is easier in the 28 nations where it is legal. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), abortion rates are similar in countries where the procedure is legal and in countries where it is not, due to unavailability of modern contraceptives in areas where abortion is illegal.The number of abortions worldwide is declining due to increased access to contraception according to WHO. Almost two thirds of the world's women currently reside in countries where abortion may be obtained on request for a broad range of social, economic or personal reasons.Legalization of abortion can prevent the unnecessary suffering and death of women. Restrictive abortion laws violate women's human rights based on agreements made at the UN International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo, the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (article 1 & 3 &12 &19 & 27.1).
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