1. What effects does radiation have on cells? Why are some types of radiation mo
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1. What effects does radiation have on cells? Why are some types of radiation more damaging than others? 2. What are the main differences between photon and electron radiation? Why is it better to use electrons than photons to treat cancers close to the skin? 3. Why do we use multiple gantry angles for most photon treatments? How does using more angles improve the treatment? 4. Why do we take images just before treating a patient with radiation? How does a cone-beam CT allow you to see more anatomy than kV radiographs? 5. Why is it particularly important that the linac commissioning QA is done correctly?Explanation / Answer
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1.Radiation can change the structure of the cells, although we did not feel that change but it has a long run effects, sometimes creating potentially harmful effects that are more likely to cause changes in tissue.A large dose is most dangerous if it’s spread over your whole body because it damages so many cells. The same dose concentrated in a small area may produce local burns but won’t kill you. You wouldn’t even notice a small dose but it will increase your risk of getting cancer in later life.Radiation is most damaging to cells that are dividing rapidly. This is why it kills cancer cells but also makes your hair fall out. These changes can interfere with cellular processes so cells might not be able to divide or they might divide too much.
Radiation harms us because it transfers its energy to our cells, damaging them. The particles themselves are not ‘poisonous’. Alpha and beta particles give up their energy and then stay in our body like harmless sub-atomic dust.Alpha radiation is most dangerous inside the body because it causes so much ionization in a small volume. Remember you can't breath in radiation but you can breath in a substance that emits radiation. If you breath in an alpha emitter, the alpha radiation can damage your lungs.
Outside the body gamma radiation is most dangerous because it’s difficult to shield, even though it causes little ionization when it hits you.
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