PLEASE GIVE THE FULL DETAILS OF THE STEPS ON EACH QUESTIONS SO I COULD FOLLOW UP

Question

PLEASE GIVE THE FULL DETAILS OF THE STEPS ON EACH QUESTIONS SO I COULD FOLLOW UP YOUR WHOLE EXPLANATIONS.

PLEASE WRITE THE STEPS ON SOLVING THIS EXAMPLE

EX) STEP 1, STEP 2, ETC

HANDWRITING IS OKAY AS LONG AS IT IS READABLE.

IF YOU HAVE USED THE EQUATIONS OR CONCEPTS, PLEASE STATE IT CLEARLY WHICH ONE YOU HAVE YOU USED SO I COULD FULLY UNDERSTAND THE DETAILS OF THE STEPS YOU HAVE DONE.

PLEASE DO NOT OMIT THE DETAILS OF STEPS AND CONCEPTS YOU HAVE USED, CLEARLY STATE IT!!

Explanation / Answer

THE RELAYS:

A very important component in an Electrical Circuit.

A relay is a simple electromechanical switch made up of an electromagnet and a set of contacts. Relays are found hidden in all sorts of devices. In fact, some of the first computers ever built used relays to implement.

Relay Construction

Relays are amazingly simple devices.

There are four parts in every relay:

1.The Electromagnet

2.The Armature that is attracted by the electromagnet

3.A Spring

4.A Set of electrical contacts

circuit breaker:

A circuit breaker is an equipment that breaks a circuit either manually or automatically under all conditions at no load, full load or short circuit.

Operating Principle:

Two contacts called electrode remains closed under normal operating conditions. When fault occurs on any part of the system, the trip coil of the circuit breaker get energized and contacts are separated.

Arc Phenomenon:

• An arc is struck when contacts are separated. The current is thus able to continue. Thus the main duty of a circuit breaker is to distinguish the arc within the shortest possible time.

• The arc provides the low resistance path to the current and the current in the circuit remains uninterrupted.

The arc resistance depends upon the following factors.

. degree of ionization

.Length of the arc

.Cross Section of the arc

Methods of Arc Extinction :

1.High Resistance Method

2.Low Resistance Method

fuse:

1.a fuse is an electrical safety device that operates to provide overcurrent protection of an electrical circuit. Its essential component is a metal wire or strip that melts when too much current flows through it, thereby interrupting the current.

2.A fuse consists of a metal strip or wire fuse element, of small cross-section compared to the circuit conductors, mounted between a pair of electrical terminals, and (usually) enclosed by a non-combustible housing. The fuse is arranged in series to carry all the current passing through the protected circuit. The resistance of the element generates heat due to the current flow. The size and construction of the element is (empirically) determined so that the heat produced for a normal current does not cause the element to attain a high temperature. If too high a current flows, the element rises to a higher temperature and either directly melts, or else melts a soldered joint within the fuse, opening the circuit.

autoreclosers:

1.a recloser, or autorecloser, is a circuit breaker equipped with a mechanism that can automatically close the breaker after it has been opened due to a fault.

2.Reclosers are used on overhead distribution systems to detect and interrupt momentary faults. Since many short-circuits on overhead lines clear themselves, a recloser improves service continuity by automatically restoring power to the line after a momentary fault.

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