Which of the following is true about the association of oxygen and hemoglobin? B

Question

Which of the following is true about the association of oxygen and hemoglobin? Binding one oxygen makes it easier to bind subsequent oxygen molecules The rate of oxygen binding does depend on PO2 Rate of oxygen binding does not depend on pH A&B; B&C; Carbon dioxide can be carried: By plasma Bound to hemoglobin As bicarbonate ions All of the above None of the above Which of the following BEST explains the conversion of CO2 to HCO3? It reacts with water to form H_2CO_3 as an intermediate Water is made as a result of HCO3- production It is carried in the plasma A&C; B&C; What sets basic breathing rhythms? Valgus nerve controlling the diaphragm Medullary respiratory centers Chemoreceptor's Sympathetic nerves stimulating intercostal contraction When arterial PCO2 is high: Blood pH is increased Chemoreceptor's are activated Ventilation is increased A&B; B&C; Henry's Law: States that pressure and volume are inversely proportional. States that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted by each gas States that at a constant temperature, at higher pressure more gas will go into a liquid phase. What happens to resistance across the bronchial tree? It increases and is highest at the terminal bronchioles It decreases and is lowest at the terminal bronchioles It increases until the medium sized bronchi, then resistance decreases It decreases until medium sized bronchi, then resistance increases. Which of the following diseases would be an example of decreased compliance? Age Emphysema Asthma Fibrosis/Scarred lung tissue

Explanation / Answer

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Answer 30: Choice D (According to the phenomenon of co-operativity of chemical bonding, the binding of one oxygen molecule makes it easier for next oxygen molecules to bind to hemoglobin. Further, since the medulla oblongata can sense the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood and consequently control rate of respiration, the total oxygen content is indirectly associated with the PCO2 in blood. Further, as the rate of ventilation is changed, there occurs a change in PO2 in the blood which ultimately affects rate of oxygen binding to hemoglobin.)

Answer 31: Choice D (Carbon dioxide has very high affinity for hemoglobin. It can also bound to plasma proteins such as globulins etc. Further, partial dissolution of carbon dioxide in blood also promotes transport of CO2 in blood in the form of carbonic ions)

Answer 32: Choice A (Owing to its low aqueous solubility, the CO2 forms weak acid called carbonic acid in the blood plasma which frequently breaks down into carbonic ions and protons. This results in formation of HCO3- ions in the plasma)

Answer 33: Choice B (The medulla oblongata represents the basic centre of brain which controls the rate of ventilation. The molecular signal for functioning of medulla comes from the afferent nerve endings lying in the carotid centre of the vessels which are chemoreceptors in nature. However, the final modulation of rhythm is maintained by the medullary centres.)

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