How does Electromagnetic fields & waves access in our real life the report shoul
ID: 2249238 • Letter: H
Question
How does Electromagnetic fields & waves access in our real life
the report should contain:
introduction
lterature review
results & discussion
Conclusion
And refrences
1.) Background - definition & introduction to electromagnetic fields (EMF) radiation. Malaysian standard for controlling exposure to time varying electric, magnetic and EMF. International standards by WHO and ICNIRP. Investigate the role of SIRIM in regulation of EMF in electrical appliance. Select one appliance/equipment of F. (Example: hair dryer, mobile phone, microwave oven, 1.0) Introduction television, radio etc.). 1.2) Problem Statement Based on the appliance/equipment in 1.1, what are the safety and health issues related to the EMF radiation? E.g. effect of time-varying EMFs on human body produced by electrical appliances which are extremely low frequency (ELF) fields and/or intermediate frequency (IF) fields. Find evidence in which EMF radiation has affected people with multiple health symptoms, immune system disorders and serious diseases 1.3) Objectives- what is the output of your research? E.g. to identify the hazard of the appliance/equipment in 1.1, to identify measures /steps taken to prevent the hazard from happening, and to identify the minimum/safe distance from the electrical appliance from people. 1.4) Scope of Research - research scope in block diagram, identify the challenge and limitation. 2.0) Literature Review what is the characteristics of electric field and/or netic field due to the electrical appliance/equipment. What are the hazard and precautionary steps in using the appliance/equipment in 1.1 (support with case study). Page 2 of 3Explanation / Answer
DEFINITIONS AND SOURCES
Electric fields are created by differences in voltage: the higher the voltage, the stronger will be the resultant field. Magnetic fields are created when electric current flows: the greater the current, the stronger the magnetic field. An electric field will exist even when there is no current flowing. If current does flow, the strength of the magnetic field will vary with power consumption but the electric field strength will be constant.
Natural sources of electromagnetic fields
Electromagnetic fields are present everywhere in our environment but are invisible to the human eye. Electric fields are produced by the local build-up of electric charges in the atmosphere associated with thunderstorms. The earth's magnetic field causes a compass needle to orient in a North-South direction and is used by birds and fish for navigation.
Human-made sources of electromagnetic fields
Besides natural sources the electromagnetic spectrum also includes fields generated by human-made sources: X-rays are employed to diagnose a broken limb after a sports accident. The electricity that comes out of every power socket has associated low-frequency electromagnetic fields. And various kinds of higher frequency radio waves are used to transmit information – whether via TV antennas, radio stations or mobile phone base stations.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Electric devices and infrastructure and wireless communication are hallmarks of modern life. The proliferation of these technologies in recent years has dramatically increased our exposure to electromagnetic radiation (EMR), or electromagnetic fields (EMF). While the science on the health impacts of this form of radiation is inconclusive, many people are concerned about how long-term exposure to excessive EMR may impact human health and nature.
The World Health Organization maintains that "no adverse health effects are expected." However, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified extremely low-frequency EMR(associated with power lines) and radiofrequency EMR from cell phone use as possible human carcinogens.Compared to cell phones, radiofrequency EMR exposure from other wireless devices is lower — because other devices are typically located farther away from the body — but in some cases continuous. Other wireless devices, such as smart meters, transmit only intermittently. PG&E claims that EMR exposure from a home electricity smart meter transmitting intermittently for 1000 years is equivalent to one month of typical cell phone use. IARC has not drawn any conclusions about an association between cancer and radiofrequency EMR from sources other than cell phones.
In 2007, an independent, international collaborative of 14 scientists and public health and policy experts reviewed more than 2000 studies of health effects from EMR (the Bioinitiative project). They concluded, "Chronic exposure to EMF is associated in some scientific studies with increased health risks that vary from impaired learning, headaches, mental confusion, skin rashes, tinnitus and disorientation to a variety of cancers, and neurological diseases like ALS and Alzheimer's." The Bio-initiative Report is probably the most comprehensive literature review on the subject, but some critics claim it is one-sided.
WHO develops public information materials and promotes dialogue among scientists, governments, industry and the public to raise the level of understanding about potential adverse health risks of mobile phones.
LOW-FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
Strong electromagnetic fields (EMFs) of low frequency about 50 to 60 cycles per second (hertz, or Hz) and the related electromagnetic radiation (EMR) are harmful. It is easy to shield a house from an electric field generated by nearby power lines but is difficult to provide shielding from the magnetic field that they generate. The magnetic field can be shielded by burring the transmission lines but the cost is very high.
HIGH-FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
High-frequency electromagnetic field is mainly generated by the cell phones, microwaves, and antennas. High-frequency EMFs is due to Radio Frequency energy in the frequency range of LF, MF, HF, VHF, UHF or microwaves and is often referred to as radio energy. The term RF energy is used for all the frequencies between 30 kHz and 300GHz. Following are the biological effects of RF energy.
CELL PHONE RADIATION
Cell phones use wireless technologies that work by emitting radio frequency radiation that is transmitted through the antenna in the phone. When talking on the cell phone, the device and thus its antenna end up right next to the head, letting the radiation from it easily affect the brain.
THE FOCUS OF CURRENT AND FUTURE RESEARCH
Much effort is currently being directed towards the study of electromagnetic fields in relation to cancer. Studies in search for possible carcinogenic (cancer-producing) effects of power-frequency fields is continuing, although at a reduced level compared to that of the late 1990's.
The long-term health effects of mobile telephone use is another topic of much current research. No obvious adverse effect of exposure to low-level radiofrequency fields has been discovered. However, given public concerns regarding the safety of cellular telephones, further research aims to determine whether any less obvious effects might occur at very low exposure levels.
KEY POINTS
1. A wide range of environmental influences causes biological effects. 'Biological effect' does not equal 'health hazard'. Special research is needed to identify and measure health hazards.
2. At low frequencies, external electric and magnetic fields induce small circulating currents within the body. In virtually all ordinary environments, the levels of induced currents inside the body are too small to produce obvious effects.
3.The main effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields is heating of body tissues.
4.There is no doubt that short-term exposure to very high levels of electromagnetic fields can be harmful to health. Current public concern focuses on possible long-term health effects caused by exposure to electromagnetic fields at levels below those required to trigger acute biological responses.
5.WHO's International EMF Project was launched to provide scientifically sound and objective answers to public concerns about possible hazards of low-level electromagnetic fields.
6.Despite extensive research, to date, there is no evidence to conclude that exposure to low-level electromagnetic fields is harmful to human health.
7.The focus of international research is the investigation of possible links between cancer and electromagnetic fields, at power line and radio frequencies.
CONCLUSION
After this study, it can be concluded that electromagnetic fields are harmful and can have an adverse effect on the human body depending upon the intensity and frequency of the electromagnetic field. It is always a good idea to avoid the unnecessary exposure to electromagnetic fields whenever possible.
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