How do I calculate packet switching with kilobytes without propagation delays an

Question

How do I calculate packet switching with kilobytes without propagation delays and all other delays?

What is the equation for this(no delays)? What is the equation including overhead?

*using this example please 16kb need to be sent with a: Source, r1, r2 and destination. with 4kbps is the rate of transfer of each link and each packet is 4 kb.*

Please answer each with detail because I am very confused on how message segmentation works and the steps to follow, to segment a message. As in how much time does it take/how to calculate from the source to the next link and so on if I am segmenting the data?

Explanation / Answer

Propagation time = Frame serialization time + link media delay + queuing delay + node processing delay.
Frame serialization Time = S/R
Link media delay = D/p
Queuing delay = Q/R
where:-
R = link data rate
S = packet size
D = link distance
P = processing Delay
p = medium propagation speed
Q = queue depth

we can also use this-
LATENCY + SIZE / THROUGHPUT

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