can you help me to answers – Describe the relationship between altitude and atmo

Question

can you help me to answers

–   Describe the relationship between altitude and atmospheric pressure.

–   Explain the influence of temperature, pressure and the presence of other solutes on the solubility of gasses in water.

–   Describe the structural and functional features that are common to all gas exchange surfaces in animals.

–   Describe the different challenges faced by water- and air-breathing animals.

–   Describe the unique aspects of the tracheal system of ventilation in insects.

–   Describe how lungs function in gas exchange in air-breathing vertebrates.

–   Describe the components of the mammalian respiratory system and the steps involved in the process of ventilation in mammalian lungs

Explanation / Answer

Rays of the sun pass through the atmosphere and reach the surface of the earth. While some of the energy from these rays is reflected into the atmosphere, most of it is absorbed by the surface and the surface gets heated. As surface temperatures increase, the forces of attraction between the molecules of air weaken and molecules vibrate more vigorously, bumping into each other more frequently than at lower temperatures. This results in more pressure on the surroundings. At altitude, the temperatures being lower, the molecules are at a less random motion than that when they are at the surface of the earth. Hence pressure exerted by them is less at higher altitudes.

One can imagine a similar scenario in car tyres. When the car is standing in the garage for long the air pressure within the tyres is normal. When the car starts and travels substantial distance the tyres heat up due to the friction with the road and this, in turn, heats up the air within the tyres. The molecules of air then start vibrating with more velocity and apply more pressure on the walls of the tyres. If the air pressures reach beyond certain limit, the tyre can burst.

In the same way, air at higher temperatures near the surface of the earth imparts more air pressure than that at altitudes where the temperatures are lower.

Roughly, temperature decreases by 2 degrees Celsius for every thousand feet increase in altitude. At 18,000 feet the air pressure is almost half that at the sea level.

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