Briefly explain one of diseases of the skin. Briefly explain one of the diseases

Question

Briefly explain one of diseases of the skin. Briefly explain one of the diseases of the respiratory system.

Skin-

Respiratory System –

Introduction The first line of defense against bacterial infections are the skin and mucous membranes (found in the respiratory system). In humans, the skin has an average surface area of almost 2 m2 and has a variable thickness of between 0.05 mm and 0.33 mm. The dry outer layer of the skin consists of numerous rows of dead epidermis called keratin. On the keratin layer perspiration and sebum (skin oil) form what is referred to as the acid mantle (so-called because of the range of pH which is from 4 to 5.5) The respiratory system contains a set of defenses. The cilia move unwanted particles up from the lower respiratory system to upper respiratory system to exit from the throat. That mechanism is called the ciliary escalator. Microorganisms that actually reach the lungs are destroyed by alveolar macrophages. Additionally, IgA antibodies are in the secretions of respiratory mucus, saliva, and tears. The system of microphages and antibodies are referred to as microbial antagonism In spite of the body's defenses, there are bacteria that thrive in these inhospitable environments. Today in lab, you will culture and attempt to identify microbes that you collect from yourselves in lab. Mannitol salt agar is a differential medium that will turn yellow when being fermented by staphylococci. One of the most abundant microbes found on human skin is Staphylococcus aureus. Today in lab, you will collect skin swabs and culture them on mannitol salt agar The catalase test can be used to differentiate staphylococci (produces catalase and bubbles in the prescen of hydrogen peroxide) and streptococci (which do not produce catalase). You will perform the catalase test in both procedures. Aseptically place a loopful of bacteria on a clean slide then apply one drop of hydrogen peroxide onto the bacteria. If bubbles are produced, then the organism is positive for the presence of catalase PROCEDURE: Microbial collection from the skin: 1. Aseptically open the tube containing the swab and push the swab against the wall of the tube to release excess saline. If there is too much saline, it may not pick up a good amount of microbiota on the skin. 2. Swab 1/3 of the mannitol salt agar plate with the swab 3. Using a sterile loop, streak the rest of the plate 4. Incubate for 24-48 hours. 5. Examine the colonies and record any pigment SWAB production. (On Report Page) Perform Catalase Test on one colony Perform a Gram stain of any colonies that have yellow halo. Record the Gram reaction (On Report Page). 6. 7. SECOND STREAK FIRST

Explanation / Answer

Skin disease: Psoriasis

One of disease of the skin is Psoriasis.It is a chronic genetic disease. It's buildup of excess skin tissue that looks red and thick and is covered with silvery scales. It initially appears on the elbows and knees but can spread to other parts of the limbs and even the trunk. Certain forms affect particular areas of the hands, scalp or the joints.

Diseases of the respiratory system: Asthma

Asthma is a respiratory system disease. It is defined as a common, chronic respiratory condition that causes difficulty breathing due to inflammation of the airways. Asthma symptoms include a dry cough, wheezing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Allergic reactions, infections, and pollution can all trigger an asthma attack.

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