2. Eukaryotic cells contain their DNA molecules inside their nuclei. However, to

Question

2. Eukaryotic cells contain their DNA molecules inside their nuclei. However, to package the DNA all into such a small volume requires, the cell uses specialized proteins called histones. As a result, DNA-histone complexes form most of the chromosome structure. Histones have amino acids sequences enriched in lysines and arginines. a) CH HN What problem might a cell face in trying to package DNA into a small volume without histones and how do these special packaging proteins alleviate the problem? b) Lysine side chains are substrates for enzymes called acetylases. A diagram of acetyl-lys an acetylated lysine side chain is shown in the figure to the right. How do you think the acetylation of lysines in histone proteins will affect the ability of a histone to perform its role in packaging DNA?

Explanation / Answer

eukaryotic cell contain their DNA molecules inside their nuclei, however to package DNA, preserving and maintaining evidence collected at a scence is crucial. we have to know a proper way to package it.

Choose packaging of the proper size material for the evidence.use packing tape to seal bags and boxes, sign across the tape with the half the signature on the tape and half on the package,now it will be securely packaged.

The most important function of DNA is to carry genes, including information about what types of cells, and quantity each proteins. The genomes of eukaryotes are divided into chromosomes, and see how genes arranged on each chromosome. on packaging DNA is very tightly folded, In eukaryotes DNA in the nucleus is divided between set of different chromosomes. I think it is impossible to package DNA without histone, because histones are highly alkaline proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei that package the DNA into structural units. without histones, the unwound DNA in chromosomes would be very long ( length ratio would be more than 10 mollion to 1 in human DNA) in fact , histones proteins could act as gatekeepers to the DNA,histones are(H2A, H2B,H3,H4,H5)H1 and H5 are the linkes histones which binds the nucleosome at starting and ending sites of DNA.

(b) the mechanism of acetylation will affect the ability of a histone to perform role in packaging DNA , because acetylation takes place on the NH3+ group of lysine amino acid residues. role of histone acetylation in order important proces to regulating the structure and function of chromatin. Histone acetylation of lysine residues in the amino histone tail domain are highly regulated play important role in transcriptional regulation. Acetylation is catalyzed by histone acetyltransferases(HATs) and the acetyl group, Lysine acetylation is a reversible modification of proteins and play a role in regulating gene expression.lysine acetylation is an ancient PTM that is conserved from prokaryotes to humans.

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