aped cartilage which serves to close the opening into the l 1. The thin leaf-sha

Question

aped cartilage which serves to close the opening into the l 1. The thin leaf-shaped during swallowing is the: a. cricoid cartilage b, thyroid cartilage c. arytenoid cartilage serves larymx epiglottis tongue 2. The respiratory centers are located in the: medulla and midbrain b.) medulla and pons midbrain and pons d. medulla and hypothalamus e. pons and hypothalamus 3. Which o the following statements is not true? a. the right lung has 2 lobes and the left lung has 3 lobes the root of a lung enters at the hilum the portion of the lung resting on the diaphragm is the base c. d. the space between the lungs is called the mediastinum e. the right bronchus is shorter and more vertical than the left bronchus C 4. The terminal bronchioles are composed of: a. fibrocartilage and ciliated epithelium b. fibrocartilage and squamous epithelium smooth muscle and ciliated epithelium d. skeletal múscle and fibrocartilage e. hyalipe cartilage and skeletal muscle 5. The ligament of clinical importance which is pierced for an emergency cheotomy is the: a. corniculate b. glottis c cricothyroid d.) arytenocunieform . thyroarytenoid

Explanation / Answer

Q1) Answer- D- Epiglottis

Explanation-  epiglottis is a leaf-shaped cartilage it moves down to make a lid over the glottis and protects the larynx during swallowing. It is attached by its stem to the midline of the inner portion of the thyroid cartilage,

Q2) Answer- B- Medulla oblongata and Pons

Explanation-  respiratory centers are located in the medulla oblongata and pons, these are parts of the brainstem. They receive controlling signals of neural, chemical and hormonal type and controls the rate and depth of respiratory movements of the diaphragm and other respiratory muscles.

Q3) Which of the statements is not true-

Answer- A - The right lung has 2 lobes and left lung has 3 lobes.

Explanation- The right lung has 3 lobes. Horizontal fissure separates the superior lobe from the middle lobe,and the right oblique fissure separates the middle and inferior lobes. The smaller left lung has 2 lobes. These two lobes are separated by the left oblique fissure.

Q4) Answer-C- Smooth muscles and ciliated epithelium

Explanation- Terminal bronchioles are composed of smooth muscles and simple cuboidal epithelium, having ciliated cells.

Q5) Answer- C- cricothyroid

Explanation- During emergency tracheotomy cricothyroid ligament is pierced to establish a airway in emergency situation, an incision is made between below Adam's apple that is thyroid cartilage and above cricoid cartilage , inbetween an horizontal incision is made to establish the air pathway.

Q6) Answer- C - pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Explanation- Trachea is lined by a layer of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. The epithelium contains goblet cells, these are glandular, modified simple columnar epithelial cells they produce mucin, it is the main component of mucus. Mucus moisten and protects the airways.Mucus is lined in the ciliated cells of the trachea to trap the inhaled foreign particles .

Q7) Which is not a function of nose-

Answer- C- Filters outgoing air

Explanation- Nose's function is not to filter the outgoing air ,

Nose gives an airway for respiration, it moistens and warms the entering air, it filters the inspired air and cleans it of foreign particles, it acts as an resonating chamber for speech, it contains olfactory receptors for olfaction or sence of smell.

Q 8 ) Which of the following is not true?

Answer- A, C are not true-

Explanation- Oesophagus is found behind the trachea, also behinf the Left atrium.

Trachea is made up of "C" shaped cartilage.

Q9) Answer- C- Tidal volume

Explanation- A normal breathing is equal in volume to tidal volume. Tidal breathing is normal breathing , the tidal volume is the volume of air which is inhaled or exhaled in only a single normal breath.

Q10) Answer- The amount of oxyhaemoglobin decreases.

Explanation :- In pulmonary circulation deoxygenated blood is taken away from Right ventricle to lungs so when blood passes through pulmonary capillaries, the amount of CO2 is more in it , according to bohr's effect when CO2 is more there is decrease in blood pH, as a result the hemoglobin releases their load of oxygen. so The amount of oxyhaemoglobin decreases.

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