23. In decarboxylation carbon atoms are removed from intermediates in theand pat

Question

23. In decarboxylation carbon atoms are removed from intermediates in theand pathways of carbohydrate metabolism. a. glycolysis; Krebs cycle b. Krebs cyle: electron transport chain c. transcription; translation d. transition step: Krebs cycle 24. The role of tRNA in protein synthesis is to transport to the mRNA strand, and to recognize and bind to the mRNA codon with its anticodon. a. nucleotides b. amino acids c. codons d. oxygen 25.- , such as neurotransmitters like acetocholine, are signaling chemicals that bind chemical signaling. - specifically to plasma membrane receptors in a. Ligands b. Codons c. Coenzymes d. Anticodons 26. The resting membrane potential of the plasma membrane is established when the movement ofmoving out of the cell equals the amount of moving into the cell. c. Na; Na 27. Certain cells that line the stomach synthesize a digestive enzyme and secrete it into the stomach. This enzyme is a protein. Which of the following processes would be responsible for its secretion? a. diffusion c. exocytosis d. pinocytosis 28. Ais the type of cell-to-cell joining when two adjacent cells are connected by connexons composed of transmembrane proteins. a. tight junction b. desmosome c. gap junction d. glycocalyx

Explanation / Answer

23) Carbon atoms are removed from intermediates in the transition step and Krebs cycle pathways of carbohydrates metabolism.

During glucose (carbohydrates) metabolism, glucose is first converted to pyruvate via the glycolysis pathway. During the transition step, pyruvate is converted into acetylCoA, which enters the Krebs cycle and is accompanied by the release of a Co2 molecule. In the Krebs cycle, CO2 is released at two stages: 1) during the conversion of isocitrate to alpha-ketogluterate and 2) conversion of alpha-ketogluterate to Succinyl-CoA.

24) the role of t-RNA or transfer-RNA is to transport amino acids to the mRNA strand during protein synthesis.

During protein synthesis, a t-RNA bound to an amino acids binds to the mRNA by recognising the mRNA codon by its anti-codon.

25) Ligands such as neurotransmitters are signalling chemicals that bind to plasma membrane receptors.

Codons are present on mRNA and anticodons are observe in t-RNAs. Both are required during protein biosynthesis.

Coenzyme are non-protein organic compounds that are essential for the functioning of the protein such as coenzymeA seen in carbohydrate metabolism pathway.

26) the answer is a resting membrane potential is established by movement of Na+ out of the cell and K+ moving into the cell.

27) Exocytosis is the process that is resposible for secreting enzymes into the stomach.

Endocytosis is a formtransport in which a cell transports molecules nto the cell by engulfing them.

Diffusion is a process where molecules from higher concentration area move towards the an area with lower concentrations of the molecule.

Pinocytosis is a process of ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane.

28) Tight junction is a type of cell to cell joining where adjacent cells are connected by transmembrane proteins,

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