Define what a primary cilium is, its primary role and where it can be found Defi
ID: 213206 • Letter: D
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Define what a primary cilium is, its primary role and where it can be found Define intraflagellar transport (IFT) and explain the mechanisms by which this transport assembles and maintains most eukarvotic cilia and flagella. (Hint: see Figure 9.29) Draw and label the important parts of the structure of an axoneme Explain how the axoneme structure and its associated dynein motors induce the back and forth movement of the cilia or flagella List 3 diseases or pathological conditions arising from dysfunction in cellular motility and briefly explain the role of cilia in the observed phenotypes List the most important roles of intermediate filaments in cells Describe the structure of intermediate filaments (IF"s), explain how their structure determines their polarity, and how remodeling and growth occurs in these structures (Hint: see Figure 9.34) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.Explanation / Answer
Ans 1) Primary cilium is an organelle that is present in the entire mammalian cell surface during arrest of growth. It helps in the co-ordination and management of signaling pathway during development process and manages the tissue homeostasis. It consists of the axoneme along with basal body and is surrounded by ciliary membrane. They lack the central pair of microtubules and hence it is not motile. They also lack dynein protein which is again needed for motility. They are non-motile and are found on the surface of every cell.
Ans 2) The intra-flagellar transport is a bidirectional motility which is important for the formation and maintenance of the eukaryotic cilia and flagella. It helps in building and assembling all the cilia within a membrane projection from surface of the cell. It involves movement of large complex of protein to the tip of the cilia. It is the movement of the flagella along axonemal microtubules. The assembly and maintenance of the eukaryotic cilia and flagella depends on transport system which is the intra-flagellar transport.
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