30) In humans, endurance training typically causes muscle fibers to be converted

Question

30) In humans, endurance training typically causes muscle fibers to be converted to a. Type l; Type llx. b. Type l; Type lla. c. Type lla; Type llx. d. Type llx; Type lla. 31) To identify the cellular signals responsible for exercise effects in human muscle, scientists can examine... a. mRNA expression in blood samples. b. protein activation in blood samples. c. information obtained from muscle biopsy samples. d. information obtained from muscle samples obtained from cadavers. 32) In skeletal muscle, endurance exercise... a. increases VEGF levels, causing increased angiogenesis and more capillaries b. increases the number of capillaries, allowing greater VEGF expression. c. decreases the number of capillaries, causing decreased VEGF expression. d. decreases VEGF levels, causing decreased angiogenesis and leading to fewer capillaries.

Explanation / Answer

30. The correct option is a. Type I; Type IIx.

Type I fibers are characterized by low force/power/speedproduction and high endurance, Type IIX fibers are characterized by high force/power/speed production and low endurance, while Type IIA fall in between the two.

31. The correct option is c. information obtained from muscle biopsy samples.

The type and intensity of exercise and the effect on blood glucose, plasma insulin and catecholamine levels, play a major role in determining the rate of muscle glycogen utilisation. Exercise in older adults appears to increase muscle protein synthesis.

32. The correct option is a. increases VEGF levels, causing increased angiogensis and more cappilaries.

VEGF plays a major contributor to angiogenesis and increases the number of capillaries

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