This is the DNA sequence from the 5\' end of a gene: ATAC GAGCAGCTAGATCCCGAGCATG

Question

This is the DNA sequence from the 5' end of a gene: ATAC GAGCAGCTAGATCCCGAGCATGCATGTACGCGGCTAAACGGAGCGTAGCCGTA Below with the abbreviations listed here: are the same region taken from several mutants. Compare the sequences wild type sequence given above. Characterize each mutation using the I: Insertion, D: Deletion, V: Transversion, S: Transition, F: Frameshift, M: Missense, N: Inversion Some may be described by more that one letter, and you will get 1 point for all correct letters given; you will however lose 1 point for every wrong one. ATACGAGCAGCTAGATCCCCGAGCATGCATGTACGCGGCTAAACGGAGCGTAGCCGTA ATACGAGCAGCTAGATCCCGAGCATGCATGTACGCGGCTACGGAGCGTAGCCGTA ATACGAGCAGCTAGATCCCGAGCATGCATGTACGCGGCTCGGAGCGTAGCCGTA ATACGAGCAGCTGAGCCCTAGACATGCATGTACGCGGCTAAACGGAGCGTAGCCGTA ATACGAGCAGCTAGATCCCGAGCATGCATGTACGGGGCTAAACGGAGCGTAGCCGTA ATACGAGCAGCTAGATCCCGAGCATGCATATACGCGGCTAAACGGAGCGTAGCCGTA

Explanation / Answer

Answer:

i. ATACGAGCAGCTAGATCCCGAGCATGCATGTACGCGGCTAAACGGAGCGTAGCCGTA

Mutated sequence:

ATACGAGCAGCTAGATCCCCGAGCATGCATGTACGCGGCTAAACGGAGCGTAGCCGTA

Insertion (I), F (Frameshift)

Explanation:

Insertion of nucleotides which are not in multiples of 3 results in frameshift mutation.

ii. ATACGAGCAGCTAGATCCCGAGCATGCATGTACGCGGCTAAACGGAGCGTAGCCGTA

Mutated sequence:

ATACGAGCAGCTAGATCCCGAGCATGCATGTACGCGGCTACGGAGCGTAGCCGTA

D (Deletion), F (Frameshift)

Explanation:

A frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read.

iii. ATACGAGCAGCTAGATCCCGAGCATGCATGTACGCGGCTAAACGGAGCGTAGCCGTA

Mutated sequence:

ATACGAGCAGCTAGATCCCGAGCATGCATGTACGCGGCTCGGAGCGTAGCCGTA

Deletion (D)

Explanation:

Deletion of 3 nucleotides or multiples of 3 does not result in frameshift.

iv. ATACGAGCAGCTAGATCCCGAGCATGCATGTACGCGGCTAAACGGAGCGTAGCCGTA

Mutated sequence:

ATACGAGCAGCTGAGCCCTAGACATGCATGTACGCGGCTAAACGGAGCGTAGCCGTA

Deletion (D), Transversion (V)

Explanation:

Substitution of T with G is referred to as transversion.

v. ATACGAGCAGCTAGATCCCGAGCATGCATGTACGCGGCTAAACGGAGCGTAGCCGTA

Mutated sequence:

ATACGAGCAGCTAGATCCCGAGCATGCATGTACGGGGCTAAACGGAGCGTAGCCGTA

Transversion (V), Missense (M)

Explanation:

C to G substitution is referred to as transversion. The mutation results in Alanine (GCG) to glycine (GGG) substitution.

vi. ATACGAGCAGCTAGATCCCGAGCATGCATGTACGCGGCTAAACGGAGCGTAGCCGTA

Mutated sequence:

ATACGAGCAGCTAGATCCCGAGCATGCATATACGCGGCTAAACGGAGCGTAGCCGTA

Transition (S), Missense (M)

Explanation:

G to A substitution is referred to as transition. This mutation results in substitution of cysteine (TGT) to tyrosine (TAT).

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