Short Answer Questions: Each Question 3 marks 37. What is speciation? Distinguis

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Short Answer Questions: Each Question 3 marks 37. What is speciation? Distinguish between allopatric and sympatric speciation. 38. Why does not Protista exist as a kingdom anymore? 39. Describe main steps of scientific method. 40. Explain radiometric dating to know absolute age of rocks/fossils. 41. Explain origin of eukaryotic cell from a prokaryotic ancestor. 42. Describe 3 types of natural selection. Give one example each. 3. Describe main steps in microevolution with an example. 44. Draw the phylogenetic tree for bacteria. Comment. 45. Compare and contrast Bacteria and Archaea domains. 46. What is continental drift? Mention its role in evolution 47. Describe 4 main modes of nutrition bacteria/ Eukarya.

Explanation / Answer

37.the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution where the splitting of a single evolutionary lineage into two or more genetically independent lineages is called speciation.

In allopatric separation Geographic isolation most often occurs with populations that are completely separated by a physical barrier, such as a mountain range, river, or desert. The separated populations becoming so genetically different from one another that members of one population cannot breed with members of the other.Beside A controversial alternative to allopatric speciation is sympatric speciation, in which reproductive isolation occurs within a single population without geographic isolation. In general, when populations are physically separated, some reproductive isolation arises

38.protista kingdom is not in monophyletic group,but the animals,plants and fungi groups are in well defined monophyletic group.so that protista does not belong to animal kingdom anymore.

39.the main steps of scientific method are-i.Make a sound Observation. Scientists are naturally curious about the world.ii.Form a Question. After making an interesting observation, a scientist eager to find out more about it. iii.Form a Hypothesis.iv try to achieve a successful Experiment. .iv.Analyse the Data and finaize a Conclusion

40.In radiometric dating the nuclear decay of radioactive elements takes place at a predictable rate, the traces of radioactive elements present in certain types of rock, such as hardened lava and tuff , could be analyzed chemically to determine the ages, in years, of those rocks.

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