40. Match each of the following physical mapping tools with its best description

Question

40. Match each of the following physical mapping tools with its best description. STS ETS Contig maps Cytogenic maps parison of any number of markers including restriction sites, sequences, and other markers with the aim of finding overlaps and ordering the sequences. b. Large scale mapping of a chromosome via distinct staining patterns c. Use of PCR to detect short unique sequences of 100-500 bp d. Use of PCR to detect short sequences in a cDNA library 41. For each of the following steps in genome sequencing, indicate whether it is involved in Sequencing of random cloned pieces, lining then up by sequence homology, then filling gaps. ing one piece of DNA, then using that sequence to find the next piece downstream. Use of computers to line up all of the sequence obtained_ a. Chromosome walking b. Shotgun sequencing C. Both 2. Match each of the following types of mutations to the best description of the mutation. Temperature sensitive Inversions Insertions Missense Base substitution a. The addition of one or more bases into a sequence b. When pieces of DNA are flipped around at their ends. c. When a change in one base pair results in a change in one amino acid in a protein. d. A change in a nucleotide in a sequence which may or may not change the protein. A change in sequence resulting in a protein that functions at a low temperature but not at a higher temperature. e. 43. Differentiate between immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry 44. Reporter genes are used to monitor gene expression of single genes. Match each of the following genes with their protein products. phoA acz a. Beta-galactosidase b. Green fluorescent protein c. Alkaline phosphatase d. Bacterial luciferase e. Firefly luciferase

Explanation / Answer

40

Contig mapping- (a)
In bottom-up sequencing projects, a contig refers to overlapping sequence data (reads); in top-down sequencing projects, contig refers to the overlapping clones that form a physical map of the genome that is used to guide sequencing and assembly.

Cytogenic Map- (b)
A cytogenetic map is the visual appearance of a chromosome when stained and examined under a microscope. Particularly important are visually distinct regions, called light and dark bands, which give each of the chromosomes a unique appearance.

STS- (c)
Sequence-Tagged Site (STS). is a relatively short, easily PCR-amplified sequence (200 to 500 bp) which can be specifically amplified by PCR and detected in the presence of all other genomic sequences and whose location in the genome is mapped.

ETS- (d)

41.
1- Shotgun sequencing
2- Chromosome Walking (Use of one known sequence to walk down the similar one)
3- Both (Can be done with the help of computers)

42.
Temperature Sensitive- e
Invrsion - b
Insertion- a
Missense- d
Base subs- c

43.
These two terms are often used interchangeably but there is a significant difference between them
Immunohistochemistry (Histo- related to tissue) is performed on a sample taken out from a tissue and is histologically processed to make thin sections. The process also applies the enzymes to catalyze the product of the stain product at the antigen sites within the sample.
Immunocytochemistry (cyto- relating to cells) is similar to IHC in employing the enzymes, but the sample is a cluster of cells cultured in a single layer or a suspension on a slide.

44.
phoA - (c) alakaline phosphatase
lacZ - (a) Beta galactosidase
luc - (e) Firefly luciferase
lux - (d) Bacterial luciferase
gfp - (b) green fluorescent protein

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