A process is known to be spontaneous. This means that entropy for the process mu

Question

A process is known to be spontaneous. This means that entropy for the process must increase. if the process happens while isolated, entropy for the process must increase. entropy must increase only if the process is adiabatic. the net heat transferred must be negative. An inventor has submitted a patent claim for an engine with an efficiency which is 10% greater than the efficiency of the Carnot cycle operating between the same two temperatures. The laws of thermodynamics allow this if the process wastes less heat than the Carnot cycle. forbid this because Carnot was an authority on efficiency. won't allow it based on entropy production. require that such an engine draw energy from another, entropy-producing process. Which of the following explanations of an effect of heating a material is incorrect? When heated, a material which expands does so because the molecules push each other away. Heat conduction is carried out by colliding molecules transferring kinetic energy. While a material is boiling, the heat added increases the kinetic energy of the molecules. While melting, a well mixed sample of ice and water does not change temperature. When water evaporates from a room-temperature glass of water, it cools the water slightly Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a diffusion process? Flow involves collisions of particles. Flow is from high concentration to low concentration. Entropy increase drives the process Such processes can be recast as resistance-current models. None of these (that is, all of the above are characteristics of diffusion processes). Which of the following would decrease the specific heat of a material? more attractive interactions between molecules. the molecules have more motions to put energy into. a low molecular weight (grams per mole). large size molecules (length, radius, etc.) none of these. A diffusion process has reached equilibrium. When this happens, q stops flowing. the concentration gradient changes sign. the flow of q becomes a constant rate. the flow of q is equal in both directions.

Explanation / Answer

Spontaneous process is able to proceed in a given direction without having any external source of energy.

This will be governed by the thermodynamic laws and always directed in the direction of increased entropy.

Ans: (a) Entropy for the process must increase.

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