Electric folds have various appications in tissue engineering. Electronotation,

Question

Electric folds have various appications in tissue engineering. Electronotation, the rotation of partides in electric fields, is more reproducible ifa oellis subjected to a rotating vs.astaticelectric feld. To generate a rotating electric field, four 90-degrees phase-shited voltage signals are applied to four electrodes surrounding a cell, as shown in Figure 1. The rotation rate and direction depends on the amplitude of the applied voltage, frequency, and on the properties of a cell's substructures. Electrorotation can also be used for orienting polarized cells in specific directions for the engineering of distinct types of tissues 180 Figure 1 Another application of electric fields is in dielectrophoresis, the induced lateral movement of particles in non-uniform Acel is suspended in a low conductivity buffer, and a non-uniform electric fold is appled to the call using microelectrodes on either side of the cell The cel behaves like a delectric particle in an electric field, becoming polarized as a result of particle charge separation, as shown in Figure 2. In this non uniform n ectric field imbalance in the forces acting nn tre sea induens movnment The field strength the smaler e eut ode on the rghth greater than that the largot electrodu on the en which results in a on the crit toward thn staller elect mre his rs wher the sus erde: celi pularizat lity tiureur uni that e 3he meuium in which it

Explanation / Answer

cell membrane acts as a insulator, extra cellular space and cytoplasm act as conducting plates.

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