5. What type of study does the following abstract describe? This study investiga

Question

5. What type of study does the following abstract describe? This study investigated age-adjusted incidence rates for 21 cancers for 157 countries in 2008 with respect to dietary supply and other factors, including per capita gross domestic product, life expectancy, lung cancer incidence rate (an index for smoking), and latitude (an index for solar ultraviolet-B doses). The factors found to correlate strongly with multiple types of cancer were lung cancer (direct correlation with 12 types of cancer), energy derived from animal products (direct correlation with 12 types of cancer, inverse with two), latitude (direct correlation with six types, inverse correlation with three), and per capita gross national product (five types). Life expectancy and sweeteners directly correlated with three cancers, animal fat with two, and alcohol with one. Consumption of animal products correlated with cancer incidence with a lag time of 15-25 years. Types of cancer which correlated strongly with animal product consumption, tended to correlate weakly with latitude; this occurred for 11 cancers for the entire set of countries Regression results were somewhat different for the 87 high-quality country data set and the 157-country set. These results can provide guidance for prevention of cancer.

Explanation / Answer

The study the following abstract describes relates it to Biostatistsics, namely called Correlation and regression analysis.Correlation analysis is to quantify the association between two continuous variable (between a independent and dependent variable or two independent varibale) while regression analysis is similar type of analysis to derive the relationship between outcome variable and one or more risk factor.In correlation analysis we determine correlation cofficient (r) which ranges from -1 to +1. Positive correlation defines as higher levels of one variable related to higher value of the other variable while negative correlation indicates higher levels of one variable related to lower value of other variable.

For example:For example, a correlation of r = 0.8 suggests a strong, positive association between two variables, whereas a correlation of r = -0.5 gives a weak, negative association. A correlation close to 0 indicates no linear association between two continuous variables.

While in regression analysis, it consisits of choosing and fitting an appropriate model,with a view to exploting the relationship between variables to help estimate the expected response for a given value of the independent variable. For example, if we are looking in the effect of age on height, then by fitting a regression line, we can predict the height for a given age.

In the above question; the situtaion is various type of cancer ( 21 in no's) were compared with various dependent varibale (smoking, solar UV-B radiation,smoking,life expentancy) were used for correlation studies.which suggest that smoking have positive correlation with 12 types of cancer,energy derived from animal products (example: packed meat,eggs,animal fat etc) have positive correlation with 12 types of cancer & inverse or negative correlation with 2 types of cancer.Life expentancy and sweeteners have positive correlation with 3 types of cancer, animal fat is directly correlated with two types of cancer while alcohol is positively related to one.

while definition of lag time: time elapse before there is a significant correlation two variable,in this case consumpation of animal products could have significant impact in 15-25 years for cancer.i.e, there is a strong chance to its occurence of cancer in 15-20 years. while 11 cancers were stronly/positively correlated with animal products and weak correlation with UV-B doses  

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