-Compare the three types of automated manufacturing systems, and discuss how the
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Question
-Compare the three types of automated manufacturing systems, and discuss how the economic justification of each relates to product variety and production quantity?-Define manufacturing in terms of a technological process and as an economic process. Give examples of both?
-Compare the three types of automated manufacturing systems, and discuss how the economic justification of each relates to product variety and production quantity?
-Define manufacturing in terms of a technological process and as an economic process. Give examples of both?
-Compare the three types of automated manufacturing systems, and discuss how the economic justification of each relates to product variety and production quantity?
-Define manufacturing in terms of a technological process and as an economic process. Give examples of both?
Explanation / Answer
Automation can be defined as the process which reduces the human effort to deliver good and efficient quality of product. Automation increases both quantity and quality of product with almost zero or initial human involvement.
There are basically three types of automation manufacturing system and are mentioned as follow:
a)FIXED AUTOMATION:
Fixed automation system basically deals with the automation process in which the equipment configuration decides the sequence of assembly operations. The process involves the simple sequence operation with plain linear or rotational motion. In some cases the integration of these simple sequence into one equipment also makes the whole process complex in operation.
Economic justification:
High initial investments are required for getting customized engineering equipments
High production charges
Restriction and inflexibility for producing variety of products.
Thus, fixed automation system can only be economically justified when the products are produced on very large volumes.
b)PROGRAMMABLE AUTOMATION:
Programmable automation is basically upgrade on fixed automation system with initial benefit of providing felicity to allow the manufacturing of different product arrangements. The operation sequence is controlled with the help of instruction code encoded in a programming language with the flexibility of changing or entering the new operation sequence in order to produce new products.
Economic Justification:
High investment rates for the initial setup of whole process.
Initial investments for changes in programming sequences for producing varieties of products.
Since the programmable automation requires high initial investments and production rates are usually low as compared to fixed automation thus, the process of programmable language can be economically justified when different quality of products are produced in small batches.
c)FLEXIBLE AUTOMATION
It is basically an extended version of programmable automation process. Flexible automation system is capable of producing a variety of products efficiently with practically no time lag for the exchanges or switches from one product to other. There are no delays and manufacture time lost while switching between different programming language and changing the physical setup and machine setting. The programmable automation system can produce variety of product in the same batch and does not require the separate batches as that in programmable automation.
Economic Justification:
High investment rates for the initial setup and customized engineering setup of whole process. Felicity to allow product variations with no manufacturing time loss. Economically justified when different varieties of products are manufactured at frequent rates.
2) Manufacturing is basically derived from two Latin words “manus means hand” and “factus means make”.
TECHNOLOGICAL DEFINITION: Manufacturing is the series of process or application of physical, manual and chemical processes to define the shape, properties and or appearance of a raw material to final product. Eg. Manufacturing of various tools used for cutting or drilling operations ie conversion of raw iron into sharp axe or drill bits.
ECONOMIC DEFINITION: Process of transforming the initial raw material having lower economical or market value to a product having greater economic value by means of assembly operation. Eg. Conversion of raw clay into delicate crockery items having higher economic values.
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