Describe the similarities and differences between B cells and T cells, including
ID: 206001 • Letter: D
Question
Describe the similarities and differences between B cells and T cells, including the location of their actions (intracellular v. Extracellular) and mode of action (the “dual nature” of adaptive immunity). Briefly explain how do B cells and T cells do what they do and how each recognizes antigens? Describe the similarities and differences between B cells and T cells, including the location of their actions (intracellular v. Extracellular) and mode of action (the “dual nature” of adaptive immunity). Briefly explain how do B cells and T cells do what they do and how each recognizes antigens?Explanation / Answer
SrNo.
Properties
B-Cells
T-Cells
1 Name B lymphocytes T lymphocytes
2 Origin Bone Marrow Thymus
3 Position Outside Lymph Node Interior of Lymph Node
4 Membrane
receptor
BCR (= immunoglobulin) for antigen TCR for antigen
5 Connections B-cells can connect to antigens right on the surface of the invading virus or bacteria. T-cells can only connect to virus antigens on the outside of infected cells.
6 Tissue Distribution Germinal centres of lymph nodes, spleen, gut, respiratory tract; also subcapsular and medullary cords of lymph nodes Parafollicular areas of cortex in
nodes, periarteriolar in spleen
7 Life Span Life span is short Life span is long
8 Surface Antibodies Surface Antibodies present Absence of surface antibodies
9 Secretion They secrete antibodies They secrete Lymphokines
10 Function -cells form humoral or antibody-mediated immune system (AMI). T-cells form cell-mediated immune system (CMI).
11 Blood 20% of lymphocytes 80% of lymphocytes; CD4 > CD8
12 Formation They form plasma cells and memory cells. They form killer, helper and suppressor cells.
13 Movement to Infection Site Plasma cells do not move to the site of infection. Lymphoblasts move to the site of infection.
14 Function Plasma cells do not react against transplants and cancer cells. Killer cells react against transplants and cancer cells.
15 Function Plasma cells have no inhibitory effect on immune system. Suppressor cells inhibit immune system.
16 Function They defend against viruses and bacteria that enter the blood and lymph. They defend against pathogens including protists and fungi that enter the cells
Similarities
B cells and T cells are both lymphocytes, or white blood cells produced in bone marrow and maturing in the organs of the body's lymphatic system. During maturation, the lymphocytes learn to differentiate between foreign cells and self. This is called self-tolerance. The lymphocytes also learn to recognize a specific antigen and bind to it. This is called immunocompetence.
How each recognizes..?
T- and B-cells recognise invaders by the shape of molecules - antigens - on their surfaces. Your immune system can produce a T- and B-cell to fit every possible shape. However, any T- or B-cell that recognised molecules found on your cells were destroyed while you were growing in the womb, to prevent them from attacking your own body. But you were left with millions of others, one for every foreign antigen you might ever encounter.
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