write a paper describing in detail the “nature” (primarily genetic, inherited) c
ID: 205094 • Letter: W
Question
write a paper describing in detail the “nature” (primarily genetic, inherited) contributions to this condition as well as the “nurture” contributions. You will need to conduct internet research and cite the sources to obtain additional information on your topic. For example, explaining the inherited reasons for a child to be obese will require that you visit, read, summarize, and cite medical sites on the internet. It is crucial that you rephrase material in your own words and cite it or put phrases from the sources in quotation marks and cite it. No more than a few sentences should be directly quoted, however, in order for you to receive credit for writing this paper (in other words, no credit is given for a paper that is a string of other people’s quotes). As a general rule of thumb, at least 1.5 pages should focus on "Nature" contributions to the issue at hand and at least 1.5 pages should focus on "Nurture" contributions.PLEASE HELP ME WRITE MY RESEARCH PAPER
Developmental science focuses on the various contributions to development, and whether they lean toward the genetic side of things (nature) or environmental (nurture). Choose from one of the following topics discussed in the modules:
Child obesity
Explanation / Answer
Obesity in children has become a major issue in present society, around 70% of Obese adolescents grow to obese adults. A single factor or cause is not responsible for obesity, a combination of factors like Genetics, envioronment and behavioural aspects are responsible for obesity.
Usually a child's body responds well to body's signals regarding hunger and fullness, when a child feels hungry, it stsrts asking for food, but when he is full automatically body sends signal to stop eating, and they don't eat.
But some time parents,friends and other persons associated with the child provoke them to eat more, in exchange of study or some other works or a way of expressing love. That reward giving attitude by others associated to the child, in terms of food increases their food intake habit and gradually it starts causingobesity by over- eating of excess food. Excess food entering body gets stored directly in fat cells,and leads to obesity. Previously this stored food were helpful at the time of starvation, when there is scarcity of food. It was acting like a boon for body meeting it's energy requirement by breaking down fat cells and producing energy at the time of scarcity food. But at present when there is suffcient availability of food, food gets stored in fat cells, and don't breakdown to meet the body requirement as there is plenty of available food rich in caloriies rather it goes inside body and addon the fat cells. causing harm to body. Obesity along with insulin resistance causes death due to cardiovascular diseases, type-II diabetis and some other chronical diseases.
Other environmental factors or " Nurture " factors responsible for child obesity are intake of high calorie studded foods like chocolates , junk foods,etc. Sedentary life style,like lack of physical activities, children are seen usually glued to TV, Laptop or Mobile.Rreduction in eating of healthy foods in absence of proper planning of healthy diet by parents due to busy work schedule. also the availability of processed foods in market ladden with salt sugar and fats also causes obesity in children.
Fetal stressors like maternal nutritional deprivation and smoking can cause intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and influence hypothalamic–pituitary axis programming, by this there are chances of increase in future risk of obesity and diabetes. Child born to mothers who are having insulin-dependent diabetes are at a higher risk of obesity . Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals during pregnancy may increase the risk for obesity in childhood .sleeping less time during infancy also, increases the risk of development of childhood obesity.
"Nature " contribution towards obesity in children-
Genetics also plays an imporatant role in contributing towards the obesity in children, at times children inherit genes from their parents which make their bodies gain weight easily.
Obesity is also linked to rare genetic conditions, like Prader Willi syndrome. It is a syndrome in which in infancy muscles become week,there is difficulti in feeding, growth beocmes poor, also there is delayed development.In childhood, the affected childrens develop an insatiable appetite, which leads to chronic overeating (hyperphagia) and obesity.
Prader-Willi syndrome occurs due to loss of function of genes in a particular region of chromosome 15. People usually inherit one copy of this chromosome from each parent. Some genes are turned on (active) only on the copy that is inherited from a person's father (the paternal copy). This parent-specific gene activation is caused by a phenomenon called genomic imprinting. In most cases of Prader-Willi syndrome in around 70% cases. The syndrome occurs when a segment of the paternal chromosome 15 is deleted. In some cases it also occurs by a chromosomal rearrangement called translocation, or by a mutation or other defect that abnormally turns off (inactivates) genes on the paternal chromosome 15.
Most cases of Prader-Willi syndrome are not inherited, particularly those caused by a deletion in the paternal chromosome 15 or by maternal uniparental disomy. These genetic changes occur as random events during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs and sperm) or in early embryonic development. Affected people typically have no history of the disorder in their family.
Parents' lifestyles, is responsible ,rather than their genes, is primarily responsible for children to become overweight, s concluded by a research done by the Center for Economic Performance,at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE). The research was done by Joan Costa-Font, Mireia Jofre-Bonet, Professor in Economics at City University, and Professor Julian Le Grand, Professor of Social Policy at LSE.
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