1. Erythropoietin also known as EPO is a glycoprotein that controls erythropoies
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1. Erythropoietin also known as EPO is a glycoprotein that controls erythropoiesis, or red blood cell production in bone marrow. Human EPO contains about 160 amino acids in a single polypeptide chain and has a molecular weight of about 34,000 Daltons. It is produced by cells in both the kidney and liver and secreted by cells for transport via the circulatory system. Is this protein synthesized by bound or free ribosomes. Explain your answer. (2 points) 2. For each of the following two structures identify the location(s) of the genetic material that encodes for its proteins and the location(s) of the ribosomes where its proteins are synthesized Vacuole (2 points) Mitochondrion (2 points) 3. Explain why cells must continuously balance the rates of exocytosis and endocytosis in order to maintain a constant size. (2 points) 4. Describe the characteristic(s) of signal molecules which would most likely be detected by a cell using a cell surface membrane-bound receptor. (2 points) 5. A particular solute has been shown to move across the plasma membrane of a cell by passive transport. Investigators have shown that the rate of transport increases proportionally with an increase in temperature up to a point. However, as temperature is further increased the rate of transport levels off and then drops down dramatically. Is simple diffusion or facilitated diffusion being used to transport the solute? Explain your answer. (2 points)Explanation / Answer
1-Erythropoietin are synthesized by the bound ribosomes. Because in the question given that they secret by cell for transport system.
So we know that the Bound ribosomes produce the protein that are transported out of the cell thats why the erythropoietin are also synthesized by Bound ribosomes as they are protein in nature.
3- as the cells have the own environment in which they work in a balance manners of exocytosis and endocytosis .
They exocytosis and endocytosis are two different mechanisms of cell in which in exocytosis the cell transplant the molecules out of the cell by expelling them in an active transport.
And the endocytosis is a process in whivj cell transport molecular into the cell by engulfing.
So there is need of cell to maintain balanced between the endocytosis and exocytosis because if they can not maintain so in bote cases the cell die due to the osmolality or by changing the environment.
4- the bound protein is not lipid soluble therefore they can not duffuse in the cell through cell membrane and bound to the surface of cell and remain there that's why we say it is non lipid soluble because in the plasma membrane .
boundprotein are there and they have lipoidal nature that's why the non lipid soluble molecules bound on the surface and does not get entry into cell.
5- there is an need of facilitate diffusion because in the passively diffusion there is no need of energy and the changes in temp cause the blockage of transportation of solute that's why we use the facilitated diffusion because in the solute there is lipid soluble materials and that's why we need to provide and additional support for transport of solute that's why we use the facilitated diffusion as in place of simple diffusion..
Thank u .. there is an additional time need for solving questions 2 that's why i skip that question hope u understand the other questions..
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