22) Why is carbon so important in biology? A) It is a common clement on Earth. B

Question

22) Why is carbon so important in biology? A) It is a common clement on Earth. B) It as very little electronegativity, making it a good electron donor. C) It bonds to only a few other elements. D) It can form a variety of carbon skeletons and host functional groups. 23) Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids? A) carbonyl and amino groups C) amino and sulfhydryl groups B) carboxyl and amino groups D) hydroxyl and carboxyl groups es setero and estradiol are male and female sex hormones, respectively, in many vertebrates. In what way(s) these molecules differ from cach other? Testosterone and estradiol A) are structural isomers but have the same molecular formula B) are cis-trans isomers but have the same molecular formula C) have different functional groups attached to the same carbon skeleton D) are enantiomers of the same organic molecule 25) Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis? tion reactions assemble polymers; hydrolysis reactions break polymers apart Dehydration reactions and hydrolysis reactions assemble polymers from monomers. ydration reactions eliminate water from membranes; hydrolysis reactions add water to membranes. D) Hydrolysis reactions create polymers, and dehydration reactions create monomers. 26) Which of the following statements is true for lipids? A) Lipids are true polymers. B) Waxes and pigments are not lipids C) Lipids mix poorly with water D) Lipids are true polymers and mix poorly with wat 27) How do phospholipids interact with water molecules? A) The polar heads avoid water; the nonpola r tails attract water (because water is polar and opposites attract) B) Phospholipids do not interact with water because water is polar and lipids are nonpola C) The polar heads interact with water; the nonpolar tails do not. D) Phospholipids dissolve in water. 28) You disrupt all hydrogen bonds in a protein. What level of structure will be preserved? A) primary structure B) secondary structure C) tertiary structure D) quaternary structure 29) Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides? A) a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group B) a nitrogenous base and a sugar C) a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a sugar D) a sugar and a purine or pyrimidine 30) Which of the following frequently imposes a limit on cell size? A) the absence of a nucleus B) the number of mitochondria in the cytoplasm C) ratios of surface area to volume D) the volume of the endomembrane system 31) Which structure is common to plant and animal cells? A) chloroplast B) central vacuole C) mitochondrion D) centriole 32) Examination of a cell by transmission electron microscopy reveals a high density of ribosomes in the cytoplasm. This observation suggests that this cell is actively producing large amounts of which of the following molecules? A) polysaccharides B) proteins C) lipids D) nucleic acids 33) The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and, therefore, abundant in liver cells? A) rough endoplasmic reticulum C) Golgi apparatus D) nuclear envelope B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Explanation / Answer

1.

Carbon is present in almost all of the organic compounds. They form a core component of compounds.

It can react with many elements and form different carbon skeleteons and have wide variety of functional groups .

Option d is the answer.

2.

Amino acids are building blocks of proteins. Each amino acid has an carboxyl and amino terminal groups with R chain and a hydrogen.

Option b is the correct answer.

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