Epinephrine and Glucose Let\'s assume that one mo lecule of epinephrine binding
ID: 199062 • Letter: E
Question
Epinephrine and Glucose Let's assume that one mo lecule of epinephrine binding to the cell activates one G-protein, which activates one adenylate cyclase. From there, assume that every enzyme catalyzes 10 reactions (for example, each activated adenlylate cyclase produces 10 molecules of activated cAMP dependent protein kinase). Finally, assume that each activated glycogen phosphorylase rees" 10 molecules of glucose to be released from the cell into the bloodstream. 1. How many molecules of glucose are released into the blood for each molecule of epinephrine that binds? Consider that the epinephrine is only present when you see the jaguar, so prior to that there is no epinephrine to bind. After the epinephrine is in the bloodstream, the number of bound epinephrine reaches a maximum when all the receptors are full 2. Suppose that there are 100 epinephrine receptors on the cell. Write an equation for the amount of glucose as a function of the amount of bound epinephrine. 3. Plot the relationship between epinephrine bound and glucose released 1200000 1000000 800000 Glucose 600000 Released 400000 200000 0 0 20 4060 80 100 120 140 160 Epinephrine Bound 4. Explain what biological features of this system are responsible for the shape of the graph.Explanation / Answer
1 . 1 molecule of Epinephrine binding to a G protein coupled receptor activates 1 active G protein, from inactive G protein). 1 Active G protein converts inactive adenylase cyclase to 1 active adenylase cyclase. Each active adenylase cyclase forms 10 cAMP dependent protein kinase A. Each protein kinase A phosphorylate 10 molecules of the phosphorylase kinase. Hence, there are 10 * 10= 100 phosphorylase kinase formed. From 102 phosphorylase kinase, there is formation of 10*102= 103 active glycogen phosphorylase (each kinase form 10 phosphorylase). These lead to formation of 10*103 = 104glucose.
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