1 The marking of a protein by polyubiquitylation to signify degradation A. requi
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1 The marking of a protein by polyubiquitylation to signify degradation A. requires the hydrolysis of one ATP molecule to ADP per polyubiquitin chain. B. involves covalent attachment of the target protein to the E1 enzyme. C. is carried out by the proteasome complex is typically done on an arginine residue in the target protein. involves the recognition of the target protein by an E2-E3 ligase. 2.Many macromole the cell? ecular complexes in the cell contain scaffold proteins. What do these proteins do that benefits A. They can enhance the rate of critical cellular reactions 8. They can hold the many subunits of a large complex together. C They can confine and concentrate a specific set of interacting proteins to a particular cellular location D. They can provide a large macromolecular complex with either flexibility or rigidity E. All of the above. 3. Phosphorylation of a protein by a protein kinase A adds two positive charges to the protein. B activates the protein. D. E. deactivates the protein. can create a binding site for other proteins. requires the hydrolysis of two molecules of ATP per phosphorylated residue. 4. A polyubiquitin chain has been attached to a protein. The ubiquitin molecules are linked together via isopepti bonds between Lys48 of one molecule and the carboxyl end of the next one. This protein is expected to A. be a part of chromatin. B. undergo proteasomal degradation. C. be involved in DNA repair. D. be targeted to endocytic vesicles. E. None of the above 5. In an enzymatic reaction involving NADH, reduction of a substrate accompanies the oxidation of these carri molecules to NAD. What else typically happens in such a reaction? A. 8. C. D. E. A molecule of water is released to the solution upon completion of the reaction. A proton is released during the oxidation of the carriers A proton is taken up by the substrate that is being reduced. A proton is taken up by the carrier molecule that is being oxidized. A phosphate group is transferred to the substrate. 6. Laboratory strains of the model organism Escherichia coli that are resistant to antibiotics are ve used in research laboratories as well as in the biotechnology industry. If cultures of such bact allowed to contaminate the environment uncontrollably, it is possible that at some point, p bacteria such as Neisseria meningitidis (which causes meningitis and can cause death, esg children) could acquire the same antibiotic-resistance gene, causing a meningitis outbreak that to treat. In this scenario, which of the following mechanisms is a more likely source of the resistance gene in N. meningitidis? a. Random new gene generation b. Intragenic mutation c. Gene duplicationExplanation / Answer
1. E) involves the reconginition of the target protein by E2-E3 ligase.
2. E) all of the above.
3 D) can create binding cite for another protein.
4B) proteosomal degradation
A polyubiquitin chain with a association of Lys48, generally send the protein foe proteosoal pathway of degradation.
5.C) A proton is taken up by the substrate that is being reduced.
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