Note: Respond To All Questions From Part A To D A. A drug is designed to make th

Question

Note: Respond To All Questions From Part A To D

A. A drug is designed to make the glycolytic pathway more productive. What part of the cell would the drug need to be delivered to for it to directly affect this pathwav? a. mitochondrial matrix b. cytosol/cytoplasm c. mitochondrial intermembrane space d. nucleus e. chloroplast B.A company that manufactures nutritional supplements seeks to produce a product to help athletes, like soccer layers, whose muscles need relatively high levels ofATP for sustained periods of time and extremely high levels for shorter intervals. Which of the mechanisms below is a means bv which a supplement could, theoreticall achieve these results if there were no other effects on the cell? a. increasing the H+ concentration in the mitochondrial matrix b. limiting the flow of electrons through cytochrome c c. preventing fatty acids from entering the citric acid cycle/Krebs cycle d. decreasing the rate that pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria e. increasing the availability of oxygen to muscle cells C. A substance that binds with the active site ofpvruvate dehydrogenase inhibiting the ability of the enzyme to bind with pyruvate is acting as a a. prosthetic group b. ribozyme c. protease d. competitive inhibitor e. cofactor D. A drug that increases the number of NADH & FADH2 molecules produced through the citric acid cvcle/Krebs cvcle and has no other effects on the cell would theoretically: a. decrease the activity of ATP synthase b. decrease the cell's ability to manufacture glycerol c. increase the number of ATPs produced per glucose d. increase lactic acid production decrease the cell's need for oxygen .

Explanation / Answer

A. As glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of every cell so drug should be delivered to cytosol for direct effect.

B. Incresing the availability of oxygen to muscle cell will increase acceptance of electron and this total process releases proton. This proton further used by F°F1 channel and it starts atp synthesis.

3. A competitive inhibitor binds to the active site of pyruvate dehydrogenase and both substrate and inhibitor are compatible to bind with enzyme thus increases the km of pyruvate.

D. If we decrease the activity of ATP synthase proton is not required anymore. Follwing the electon transport chain backward no loss of electron from cytochrome a , cyt b, cyt c1 as oxygen is not accepting elecron so NADH and FADH2 don't release electron.

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