1. In the scientific method, a hypothesis ____________. A) is a statement of fac
ID: 19526 • Letter: 1
Question
1. In the scientific method, a hypothesis ____________.
A) is a statement of fact
B) is a proposed explanation based on observations
C) is usually proven to be correct
D) can only be tested once
E) all of the above
2. What is the correct sequence of steps in the scientific method?
I. State the problem
II. Analyze and interpret the data
III. Develop a hypothesis
IV. Share the results with other scientists
V. Design and perform an experiment to test the hypothesis
A) I > II > III > IV > V
B) III > I > V > II > IV
C) V > IV > III > II > I
D) I > III > V > II > IV
E) V > II > I > III > IV
3. To test a hypothesis about a given variable, experimental and control groups are tested in parallel. Which of the following best explains the dual experiments?
A) In the experimental group, a chosen variable is altered in a known way. In the control group, that chosen variable is not altered so a comparison can be made.
B) In the control group, a chosen variable is altered in a known way. In the experimental group, that chosen variable is not altered so a comparison can be made.
C) In the experimental group, a chosen variable plus all other variables are altered. In the control group, the chosen variable is altered; however, all other variables are held constant.
D) In the experimental and control groups, two different variables are altered.
E) Experimental and control group experiments are identical and run in parallel to get repeatable results.
4. Which of the following can be considered definitions of “theory”?
A) A theory can be an explanation of scientific laws
B) A theory is an integrated explanation of numerous hypotheses, each supported by a large body of observations and experiments
C) A theory is a condensation and simplification of many data that previously appeared unrelated
D) A theory is a prediction for new data suggesting new relationships among a range of natural phenomena
E) All of the above
5. You have formulated a hypothesis that light is necessary for seed germination.
To test your hypothesis, one set of lettuce seeds is placed in light with warm temperatures and adequate moisture. Another set of identical seeds is placed in the dark under the same set of conditions. The control in the experiment is
A) seeds in the dark
B) seeds in the light
C) warm temperature
D) adequate moisture
E) germination rate
6. A group of medical researchers recently tested the effects of a cholesterol-lowering medication, Drug A on men who had high blood levels of cholesterol. The researchers did the following experiment and obtained the indicated results. One group of 150 men took a tablet containing 40 mg of Drug A for 90 days; 120 of this group decreased their blood levels of cholesterol by at least 10 %. Another group of 150 men was given a tablet with no added Drug A for 90 days; 25 of these men decreased their blood levels of cholesterol by at least 10%.
Which of the following is the most reasonable and accurate conclusion based on results obtained in this experiment?
A) Drug A is good for men
B) Drug A is found in the blood of men
C) men taking tablets supplemented with Drug A will show a decrease in cholesterol levels in the blood
D) men taking tablets supplemented with Drug A will show an increase in cholesterol levels in the blood
E) blood levels of cholesterol are not affected by oral supplementation of Drug A
7. The sexually transmissible disease gonorrhea has become increasingly resistant to treatment with antibiotics. What is the most likely scientific explanation?
A) The gonorrhea bacteria learned to avoid antibiotics
B) The gonorrhea bacteria changed their genes when they sensed antibiotics
C) Antibiotic-sensitive gonorrhea bacteria died out, but antibiotic-resistant gonorrhea bacteria have flourished and persisted
D) The antibiotic increased the mutation rate in the gonorrhea bacteria
E) both b and d
8. Which statement best describes the relationship between plants and animals on earth?
A) Plants produce O2 and sugars from CO2
B) Animals produce CO2 and H2O from sugars and O2
C) Plants produce O2 and sugars and animals produce CO2 and H2O
D) Animals produce O2 and sugars and plants produce CO2 and H2O
9. Think of the cell as a factory, in which the organelles are specialized sites of production. All cells have a power plant, the mitochondrion. Plant cells have an additional “reactor” for the production of usable energy. It is called the _____.
A) golgi body
B) rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) central vacuole
D) vesicle
E) chloroplast
10. A researcher planted seeds from four types of wheat (Types A, B, C, and D) in a greenhouse to determine which type of wheat grew fastest. The plants were grown for 10 days and measured. The results are shown below. Choose the data set that demonstrates that Type C wheat grew the fastest.
A) A = 20 cm, B = 11 cm, C= 5 cm, D= 2 cm.
B) A = 2 cm, B = 5 cm, C= 1 cm, D= 2 cm
C) A = 22 cm, B = 11 cm, C= 25 cm, D= 4 cm
D) A = 30 cm, B = 12 cm, C= 28 cm, D= 1 cm
E) A = 21 cm, B = 12 cm, C= 20 cm, D= 15 cm
Use the following information to answer questions 11 & 12 below.
A group of medical researchers recently investigated the effects of Drug X on lowering blood pressure in a group of hypertensive middle-aged women. The researchers did the following experiment and obtained the indicated results: One group of 150 women took a tablet containing Drug X for 3 weeks – 95 of these women decreased their blood pressure by at least 10% (three women from this group dropped out of the study). Another group of 150 women was given a tablet with no added Drug X for 3 weeks – 10 of these women decreased their blood pressure by at least 10% (two women from this group dropped out of the study).
11. Which of the following was the control group in this experiment?
A) the group of participants that received tablets containing Drug X
B) the group of participants that received tablets that did not contain Drug X
C) the number of participants in each group at the beginning of the experiment
D) the number of participants in each group at the end of the experiment
E) the amount of Drug X contained in the tablet
12. Which of the following is the most reasonable and accurate conclusion based on the results obtained in this experiment?
A) Drug X is good for hypertensive women
B) Drug X is good for both men and women
C) Hypertensive women receiving Drug X for 3 weeks may show a decrease in blood pressure
D) Hypertensive women receiving Drug X for 3 weeks may show an increase in blood pressure E) Drug X has no effect on blood pressure
13) Alleles are described as ______.
A) alternate versions of a gene
B) environmental factors that affect gene expression
C) Punnett squares
D) homologous chromosomes
E) alternate phenotypes
14) According to Mendel's law of segregation, ______.
A) more gametes carrying the dominant allele are produced than gametes carrying the recessive allele
B) gametes have one copy of each allele
C) homologous chromosomes move to the same gamete
D) gametes are diploid
E) two alleles segregate into each gamete
15) Mendel crossed true-breeding purple-flowered plants with true-breeding white-flowered plants, and all of the resulting offspring produced purple flowers. The allele for purple flowers is ______.
A) recessive
B) segregated
C) dominant
D) independent
E) monohybrid
16) In humans, the presence or absence of dimples is a trait controlled by a single gene. What is the genotype of an individual who is heterozygous for dimples?
A) dd B) Dd C) DD D) dimples E) DI
17) If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence GTCCAT, what is the sequence of the other strand?
A) TGAACG B) CUGGTU C) CAGGUA D) ACTTGC E) CAGGTA
18) If a strand of DNA has the sequence AAGCTC, transcription will result in a(n) ______.
A) RNA double helix with the sequence UUCGAG for one strand and AAGCUC for the complimentary strand
B) single RNA strand with the sequence TTCGAG
C) DNA double helix with the sequence AAGCTC for one strand and TTCGAG for the complementary strand
D) single RNA strand with the sequence UUCGAG
E) single DNA strand with the sequence TTCGAG
19) Which of the following enzymes is responsible for RNA synthesis?
A) RNA ligase
B) RNA gyrase
C) RNA polymerase
D) RNase
E) RNA helicase
20) The region of DNA where RNA synthesis begins is the ______.
A) promoter
B) processor
C) terminator
D) initiator
E) start codon
21) What theory states that all living things are composed of cells?
A) evolutionary theory
B) cell theory
C) Mendel's law
D) Hooke's rule
E) law of thermodynamics
22) Ecology is the study of ______.
A) relationships among different species
B) interactions between organisms and their environments
C) interactions between humans and other species
D) human effects on the environment
E) life
23) Which of these biomes is maintained by fire?
A) temperate deciduous forest
B) tundra
C) tropical forest
D) chaparral
E) desert
24) The greenhouse effect causes an increase in global temperatures. This increase is primarily due to ______.
A) CO with subscript((2)) and other greenhouse gases slowing the escape of heat from Earth
B) CO with subscript((2)) and other greenhouse gases allowing more solar radiation to penetrate Earth's surface
C) CO with subscript((2)) and other greenhouse gases slowing the escape of UV radiation from Earth
D) the loss of ozone that trapped cooling UV radiation in the atmosphere
E) none of the above
25) The two basic types of cells are ______ and ______.
A) bacterial . . . animal
B) bacterial . . . protist
C) prokaryotic . . . eukaryotic
D) nerve . . . muscle
E) plant . . . animal
26) The concept of a membrane as a fluid mosaic reflects the ability of ______.
A) phospholipids but not proteins to drift about in the plane of the membrane
B) most proteins but not phospholipids to drift about in the plane of the membrane
C) nucleotides to drift into and out of the membrane structure
D) carbohydrates to drift into and out of the membrane structure
E) phospholipids and most proteins to drift about in the plane of the membrane
27) Where does protein synthesis take place?
A) in the nucleolus
B) in the nucleus
C) on ribosomes
D) on smooth endoplasmic reticulum
E) in the Golgi apparatus
28) The present rate of species loss ______.
A) is as much as 1,000 times higher than at any time in the last 100,000 years
B) is slower than in recent years because of conservation efforts
C) suggests that about 90% of all plant and animal species may be extinct by the end of the century
D) suggests that about 25% of all plant and animal species may be extinct by the end of the century
E) is about the same as it has been during the last 100,000 years
29) The single greatest threat to biodiversity comes from ______.
A) habitat destruction and fragmentation
B) human predation
C) pollution
D) invasive species
E) overexploitation
30) Organisms at the first trophic level are ______.
A) decomposers
B) producers
C) predators
D) primary consumers
E) detritivores
Explanation / Answer
1. B) is a proposed explanation based on observations 2. D) I > III > V > II > IV 3. A) In the experimental group, a chosen variable is altered in a known way. In the control group, that chosen variable is not altered so a comparison can be made. 4. E) All of the above 5. A) seeds in the dark 6. C) men taking tablets supplemented with Drug A will show a decrease in cholesterol levels in the blood 7. E) both b and d 8. C) Plants produce O2 and sugars and animals produce CO2 and H2O 9. E) chloroplast 10. C) A = 22 cm, B = 11 cm, C= 25 cm, D= 4 cm 11. B) the group of participants that received tablets that did not contain Drug X 12. C) Hypertensive women receiving Drug X for 3 weeks may show a decrease in blood pressure 13. (c) is cut in half 14. (a) diffusion 15. (a) a combination of two or more atoms
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