Turtles,lizards, snakes, crocodiles, dinosaurs, birds, and mammals are all amnio

Question

Turtles,lizards, snakes, crocodiles, dinosaurs, birds, and mammals are all amniotes whose offspring gestate inside the parent or inside hard-shelled eggs within an amniotic Label the branch where the "amniotic membrane synapomorphy evolved on the tree below 10. 11. Tetrapods or "four-footed"animals include all amniotes and amphibians. Label the node that 12. "Hair" is a mammalian character. Label the branch where hair evolved. 13. Circle the outgroup taxon in this phylogenetic tree. 14. For each of the taxon pairs, rank them in order of divergence. When two pairs are equally best represents the most recent common ancestor of the tetrapods as "Tetrapod MRCA divergent, put an"-" between the pair. Taxa Amphibians and Snakes Turtles and Mammals Lizards and Turtles Mammals and Birds Snakes and Crocodiles Pair most divergent least divergent Hagfish Lobe-finned Fish Amphiblans -Lizards Snakes Birds Time

Explanation / Answer

10. Amniotes are a clade for which the evolution of an amniotic membrane os a synapomorphy which is a derived charcater shared by clade members. Reptiles brach is distinguished from amphibians by their terrestrially adapted egg which is protected by amniotic membranes.

11. Tetrapods MRCA started and diverged from amphibians through mammals.

12. Hair, scales and feathers seem to have a very little in common. But these structures appear to have evolved from a single ancestor- a reptile that lived 300 million years ago. Birds and mammals evolved from separate lineages and it was found that hair has developed from scales of reptiles.

13. Outgroup taxon is the outside the group of interest. An outgroup can give a sense of where on the bigger tree of life can main group of organisms falls. The Hagfish is the outgroup in the tree.

14.

Most divergent D-A-B-C-E- Least divergent

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