Bias in Science As a physical anthropologist (those who study variation in human

Question

Bias in Science As a physical anthropologist (those who study variation in human biological characteristics), Samuel George Morton (1799-1851) aimed to understand variation among different races of humans. His study of racial differences consisted of () reviewing ethnographic literature and (i) providing a physical basis for the findings in the ethnographic literature. In 1849, Morton published "Catalogue of Skulls of Man and the Inferior Animals" where he presents the results of his analysis of the physical measurements of various skull types including human cranial capacity, a trait believed to be an estimate of brain size. Below is a figure taken from this 1849 publication. 95 90 85 E 80 C 75 70 Malay White Mongolian Native American Black Morton's Racial Groups Figure 1. Average cranial capacity (cubic inches) for human skulls from different races. Data taken from Morton's "Catalogue of Skulls of Man and the Inferior Animals" 1849. Malay n-23, white n 30, Mongolian n-6, Native American n-338, Black n = 74 terms taken from Morton's work

Explanation / Answer

2. Findings based on literature always have significant scope of debate. Literature preparation depends on an author's educational background, his life experiences and his knowledge based on various social interactions with all possible modes of communication. These varies from person to person, which ultimately incorporates the scope of discussions and arguments. Hence this study can not be believed with full confidence unless it is supported by various other scientists. Rigrous arguments and discussion are necessary factors for establishing a study into a theory. When a theory remains unchallanged for a long time period then it ultimately gets the status of law. Law is acceptable by everyone as it has gone through various sessions of brainstorming.

3. Society always has dominant role in deciding the mindset of an individual. It has remarkable effect on thinking and attitude. Knowledge is different aspect and conscience is different. Both have intermingling effects on most of the individuals. Hence according to question, interpretation of study can have racist effect. Thats why serious discussions are required from every section of society to establish it as proven fact.

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