30.If p is used to represent the frequency of the dominant lle and o is 31. Use

Question

30.If p is used to represent the frequency of the dominant lle and o is 31. Use your knowledge of statistics to calculate the probability of an offspring from the Model 2 frequency of the recessive allele, then what will p q equal? population having each of these genotypes. Support your answers with mathematical equations. (Don't forget there are two ways to get a heterozygous offspring-8b or bB) 32. Check your answers in Question 31 by adding the three values together. Your sum should be equal to one. Explain why the sum of the three answers in Question 16 should be equal to one. 33.Using p and q as variables, write formulas for calculating the probability of an offspring from a population having each of the following genotpes 34. Complete the equation: 35. Define the following terms and explain how they relate to the birds in this activity a. Variation b. Natural selection c. Survival of the fittest 36. Explain a. Speciation b. Microevolution vs. macroevolution c. would be less common on an island close to a mainland than on a Why allopatric speciation more isolated island of the same size? d. How does punctuated equilibrium model account for the relative rarity of transit fossils linking newer species to older one. Phylogeny Homologous structures vs analogous structures e. f.

Explanation / Answer

35) a) Variation: Genetic diversity and differences within a species. This may be defined as the differences among the individual of the same species. Some of the Darwin’s finch species have broad deep beaks of varying sizes to crush seeds, while others have long thin beaks for eating cactus flower nectar or fruit. This is an example of variation.

b) Natural selection: This is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals because of their differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution. The beak shape among Finch species varies according to their food habitat. Darwin postulated that beak of an ancestral species had adapted over time to equip the finches to acquire different food sources.

c) Survival of the fittest: The continued existence of organisms which are best adapted to their environment, with the extinction of others. It is the as concept of the Darwinian evolution theory. The different kinds of beaks are adapted to differences in the food supply. Where insects are abundant, the finches have developed long, thin beaks. Where the nuts are abundant, the finches have developed shorter and sturdier beak, allowing the birds to crack the nuts. Cumulatively, over generations, the traits (beak size and shape) that are advantageous for a species were proliferated.

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