14. What is the role of the following in n g, storage, or release? Be specific.
ID: 193508 • Letter: 1
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14. What is the role of the following in n g, storage, or release? Be specific. a. Synapsin b. Synaptotagmin c. Calcium d. SNARE complex e. Membrane depolarization 15. In an experiment on an animal model in which the synapsin gene is knocked out, you measure the density of synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal within the active zone and outside the active zone in both knockout and control animals. Given what you know about the function of synapsin, what would you expect to find and why? 16. The resting membrane potential is established by an unequal distribution of which ion? What are two mechanisms that are responsible for establishing this distribution?Explanation / Answer
14.
a. Synapsins - neurotransmitter release at synapses.
b. Synaptogamin- neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion.
c. Calcium- neurotransmitter release
d. SNARE complex- neurotransmitter release
e. Membrane depolarization- releasing neurotransmitter molecules into the synaptic cleft
15. If the synapsin gene is knocked out in an animal model, it disrupts the organization of presynaptic vesicle clusters, making their boundaries hard to define. So, the density of synaptic vesicles decreases in the active zone and in neurons from synapsin knockout mice the resting and recycling pools are equally mobile.
Synapsin, when present in control animal, specifically restricts the mobility of resting pool vesicles without affecting the division of vesicles between these pools. Specific expression of synapsin IIa, the sole isoform affecting synaptic depression, rescues the knockout phenotype. Taken together, our results show that synapsin is pivotal for maintaining synaptic vesicle cluster integrity and that it contributes to the regulated sharing of vesicles between terminals.
16. The resting membrane potential (RMP) is stablished by unequal distribution of potassium and sodium ions.
The two mechanisms that are responsible for establishing this distributioin:
1. Active transport (Na+/K+ ATPase pump) is the mediated process of moving particles across a biological membrane, against the concentration gradient.
2. Concentration gradient: The Membrane Potential in Animal Cells Depends Mainly on K+ Leak Channels and the K+ Gradient Across the Plasma Membrane
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