answer these questions please Review sheet for Exam 1 Students should be able to
ID: 192954 • Letter: A
Question
answer these questions please
Review sheet for Exam 1 Students should be able to Know all terminology that we used in lectures/labs Mitosis and Meiosis (Much of this should be review from PB1) . Distinguish between haploid and diploid . Describe the stages of mitosis and what happens during each o Recognize the stages from a diagram .Describe the stages of meiosis and what happens during each Recognize the stages from a diagram o Explain the end results of mitosis and meiosis Explain the consequences of meiosis (what happens? why?) Explain where variation comes from Explain crossing over Explain nondisjunctions and their effects . e Mendelian Genetics Explain who Mendel was and what he was doing Explain why pea plants were such a great model organisms to use Distinguish between monohybrid and dihybrid crosses o Describe what happens in eaclh . Distinguish genotype from phenotype e Explain reciprocal cross and test cross o Describe the expected offspring of both crosses Distinguish between homozygous and heterozygous . Draw or interpret a Punnett square List and explain Mendel's rules for inheritanceExplanation / Answer
Haploid is a state of nucleus in which chromosome number is divide into exactly half of the total.
Diploid: it is a stage of cell in which chromosome number is present in copies.
when is chromosome have two copies then it is known as diploid cell.
Mitosis: G1 phase , S phase or synthetic phase, G2 phase and M phase.
In G1 phase cell do preparation for synthetic phase. The nucleotides are prepared, all proteins, enzymes and all components which are required in S phase are prepared in G0 phase.
S phase is a synthesis phase in which synthesis of DNA occurs (Replication)
G2 In this preparation of M phase occurs.
Mphase have five phases :
Laptotene : Starting of chromosomal assembly.
Zygotene: how much of chromosomes are arranged on the particular access
pachytene: homologous chromosomes tightly adhere with each other with the help of proteins.
diplotene: Seperation starts
Dikinesis: karyokinesis starts
cytokinesis occurs.
In the mitosis diploid cell are produced from diploid cell.
In the miosis haploid cells are produced from diploid cells for example production of gametes.
Meiosis consequences: Formation of haploid cells from diploid cells because of reduction division. in the meiosia first division of homologous chromosomes occurs then after sister chromatids separates from each other which leads to formation of haploid cells.
Variations: variation occurs at the 1st Stage of meiosis.
when Homologous chromosomes are separating a part of these chromosomes are interchanged due to the reaction of crossing over which leads to variation in chromosomes.
chromosomal variation leads to variation in characters.
Crossing over: connection between two human organs chromosomes formed at the time of meiosis first reaction which leads to the interchange of genes or DNA.
Nondisjunction: distension is I process of separation of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatid seperation.
when the separation not occus properly we can say it nondisjunction.
Due to nondosjunction irregular distribution of chromosomes into cells occurs which leads to syndroms or death.
I answered according to chegg guidelin as titime permitted me.
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