Lung diseases are often categorized as either obstructive or restrictive. 1. Con

Question

Lung diseases are often categorized as either obstructive or restrictive.

1. Contrast the terms Restrictive Disorder and Obstructive Disorder. Give two examples of EACH type of lung disorder.

2. FVC (forced vital capacity) is the amount of gas expelled when the subject takes the deepest possible inhale and then exhales forcefully and rapidly. The spirometer measures the total volume of gas exhaled. This measurement is useful in determining whether the patient is having trouble breathing due to a restrictive or an obstructive disorder. Would this value be reduced in a restrictive or obstructive disorder? Explain your answer.

3. FEVT (forced expiratory volume) is the amount of air exhaled during a specific interval of time (T). This data is calculated from the FVC (see above) using a recording spirometer (which we don’t have in our lab). A typical healthy individual will expel 75-80% of the FVC volume within the first second! This data point is FEV1. This measurement is useful in determining whether the patient is having trouble breathing due to a restrictive or an obstructive disorder. Would the FEV1 be reduced in a restrictive or obstructive disorder? Explain your answer.

Explanation / Answer

1. In restrictive disease:-

There is decreased compliance of the lungs

Which increases the stiffness of lungs and there is difficulty in fully expanding the lungs

Large pressure is required to expand the lungs by a particular volume than the normal lungs

Examples are pulmonary edema, fibrosis, pneumonia

Obstructive disorder:-

Here there is increase in resistance.

So there is difficulty in expiration and in rapid expiration like in exertions the pressure is increased but the breathe volume is smaaler comparatively.

Example-asthma, brochitis etc.

2. FVC is reduced in both restrictive and obstructive disorders

In restrictive disorders it is decreased because of reduced compliance and hence there is limited inspiration

While in obstructive disorder there is difficulty in rapid breathing due to increased airway resistance.

3. FEV1 is reduced than normal in obstructive disorder because of the increased airway resistance

While the FEV1 in restrictive disorders is increased beacuse it is easier to exhale rapidly in stiffed lungs because of elastic recoil.

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