Match the following definitions with the correct term. (We have not yet cover al
ID: 190196 • Letter: M
Question
Match the following definitions with the correct term. (We have not yet cover all of them in class, but you can find them in your reading.)
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A single mutation affects several traits.
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The frequency with which individuals of a given genotype manifest the mutant phenotype.
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A phenotypic trait whose expression depends on the additive effect of a number of genes.
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Expression of a gene is dependent on whether it has been inherited from the male or female parent.
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Phenotypic effects on the offspring produced by the maternal genome.
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Genetic information transmitted by chloroplasts or mitochondria.
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The degree in which a phenotype for a given trait is expressed.
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Determines whether two mutations are at the same locus or different loci.
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Genetic differences that are due to alterations of the DNA that do not included changes in base sequence.
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Characteristic determined by a gene on a sex chromosome.
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Characteristic encoded on an autosome that is more readily expressed in one sex.
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A gene at one locus that masks or suppresses the effect of a gene at a different locus.
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pleiotropy
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cytoplasmic inheritance
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epigenetics
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polygeneic inheritance
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imprinting
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sex-influenced trait
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sex-linked trait
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penetrance
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expressivity
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maternal effect
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complementation test
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epistasis
Explanation / Answer
Ans) Pleiotropy
Ans) Penetrance
The extent to which a particular genotype is expressed in the phenotypes of individuals carrying it.
Ans: polygenic inheritance
Polygenic traits show many phenotypes and each phenotype is determined by interactions among several genes. The inheritance shown by these traits are called polygenic inheritance. Polygenic traits do not follow the Mendelian inheritance patterns. Example for polygenic traits are skin color, eye color, hair color, body shape, height, and weight
Ans) genomic imprinting
It is an epigenetic phenomenon in which genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner. First described in 1984 and found in fungi, plants, and animals.
Ans) maternal effect
It is the condition in which the phenotype of an organism is determined by the genotype of its mother.
Ans) Cytoplasmic inheritance
Inheritance is shown by the genes present in cytoplasm of cell usually genes present in
Chloroplasts or Mitochondria. Eg. Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS)
Ans: Expressivity
Expressivity is the extent to which a gene or trait is expressed in an individual. It indicates how much an individual show variation in particular phenotype and it is a quantitative measure of expression of a phenotype.
Ans: complementation test
It is used to determine whether two different mutations are at the same locus (are allelic) or at different loci (are nonallelic).
Ans) Epigenetics
They are modifications in DNA which do not alter the DNA base sequence but modify the DNA by adding methyl or acetyl groups to DNA. Eg. DNA methylation a DNA Acetylation.
Ans) sex-linked trait
Ans) sex-influenced trait
These characters are predominantly expressed in one sex than in other and it is expressed in both male and female. e.g. Baldness and Gout
Ans) epistasis
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